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arXiv:1911.10378

Arbitrary access temporal pulse cloaking and restoring in periodically poled lithium niobate

Yian Liu, Yuping Chen, Licheng Ge, Haowei Jiang, Guangzhen Li, Xianfeng Chen

Published Nov 23, 2019• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Temporal cloaks have inspired the innovation of research on security and efficiency of quantum and fiber communications for concealing temporal events. The existing temporal cloaking approaches possessing ps ~ns cloaking windows employed the third-order nonlinearity mostly. Here we explore a temporal cloak for perpetually concealing pulse events using high efficiency second-order nonlinearity. A temporal pulse event was cloaked as a continuous wave with constant intensity and restored by polarization dependent sum frequency generation processes between the continuous wave and probe. The variety of quasi phase-matching second-order nonlinear processes in periodically poled lithium niobate make sure the pulse event cannot be filched during transmission. The proposed temporal cloak predicts hopeful applications in information security of photonic integrated circuit on lithium niobite thin film.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1911.10378

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Temporal cloaks have inspired the innovation of research on security and efficiency of quantum and fiber communications for concealing temporal events. The existing temporal cloaking approaches possessing ps ~ns cloaking windows employed the third-order nonlinearity mostly. Here we explore a temporal cloak for perpetually concealing pulse events using high efficiency second-order nonlinearity. A temporal pulse event was cloaked as a continuous wave with constant intensity and restored by polarization dependent sum frequency generation processes between the continuous wave and probe. The variety of quasi phase-matching second-order nonlinear processes in periodically poled lithium niobate make sure the pulse event cannot be filched during transmission. The proposed temporal cloak predicts hopeful applications in information security of photonic integrated circuit on lithium niobite thin film.
We experimentally demonstrate two innovative applications of photonic technologies previously solidified in the field of classical optical communications. In the first application, we exploit electro-optic modulator technology to develop a novel "time cloak,'' a device which hides events in time by manipulating the flow of a probing light beam. Our temporal cloak is capable of masking high-speed optical data from a receiver, greatly improving the feasibility of time cloaking and bringing such exotic concepts to the verge of practical application. In the second specialization, high-resolution Fourier-transform pulse shaping---perfected for multi-wavelength telecom networks---is applied to shape the correlations of entangled photon pairs, states which have received considerable attention in nonlocal tests of quantum theory and in quantum key distribution. Using nonlinear waveguides fabricated out of periodically poled lithium niobate, we are able to demonstrate ultrafast coincidence detection with record-high efficiency, which coupled with our pulse shaper allows us to realize for the first time several capabilities in biphoton control, including high-order dispersion cancellation, orthogonal spectral coding, correlation train generation, and tunable delay control. Each of these experiments represents an important advance in quantum state manipulation, with the potential to impact developments in quantum information. And more generally, our work introducing telecommunication technology into both temporal cloaking and biphoton control highlights the potential of such tools in more nascent outgrowths of classical and quantum optics.
Based on periodically poled lithium niobate, a scheme for optical signal temporal cloak and encryption in the optical physical layer is proposed and numerically studied, in which the amplitude and phase information of the symbols to be sent are detected and transmitted while that of all other symbols will be hidden from the receiver. Meanwhile, the phase and amplitude of the symbols that are not hidden can be encrypted according to arbitrary encryption rules in the optical physical layer. The simulation results show that there is almost no ripple in the cloak time window, which makes the performance of temporal cloak quite well. The output signals with high Q factor can be obtained when the linewidths of the tunable lasers are <300 kHz. Two simple encryption rules are designed, 43.75% of binary codes will be misinterpreted by eavesdropper if the signal is encrypted with such two rules in the demonstration.
Lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) is a leading platform for high-speed optical communication technologies owing to its large electro-optic bandwidth, which enables light modulation above 100 GHz [1]. The wide transparency window is being leveraged to produce photonic integrated circuits operating at different wavelengths, and the strong second-order nonlinearity allows efficient frequency conversion via periodic poling of the crystal on the same waveguide network [2]. LNOI has potential to revolutionise optical communication, and nonlinear conversion processes can be used to generate highly pure quantum states acting as bits of information for the next generation of optical quantum information technologies.
Spontaneous parametric down conversion in nonlinear material is widely exploited to generate entangled photon pairs in quantum optics experiments and applications, including quantum computing and communication. Periodically poled thin film lithium niobate (PPTFLN) has emerged as a promising platform for efficient entangled photon pair generation, offering enhanced nonlinear interaction through quasi-phase matching (QPM) and tight confinement of light. However, achieving optimal performance requires careful control of the QPM condition since the waveguide in TFLN is highly dispersive to changes in the geometric parameter. In this study, we fabricate PPTFLN rib waveguides to generate entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths, varying geometric parameters. QPM condition is confirmed with the second harmonic generation experiments and Pair generation rate and coincidence-to-accidental count ratio are also estimated by temporal coincidence measurement. Digital etching process is introduced to control the QPM condition, resulting in incremental peak wavelength shift by discrete etching step. This is expected to contribute to synchronizing wavelength of quantum nodes.
Future quantum information networks operated on telecom channels require qubit transfer between different wavelengths while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement. Qubit transfer is a nonlinear optical process, but currently the types of atoms used for quantum information processing and storage are limited by the narrow bandwidth of upconversion available. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of broadband and high-efficiency quasi-phase matching second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a chip-scale periodically poled lithium niobate thin film. We achieve a large bandwidth of up to 2 THz for SHG by satisfying quasi-phase matching and group-velocity matching simultaneously. Furthermore, by changing the film thickness, the central wavelength of the quasi-phase matching SHG bandwidth can be modulated from 2.70 μm to 1.44 μm. The reconfigurable quasi-phase matching lithium niobate thin film provides a significant on-chip integrated platform for photonics and quantum optics.
Recent research has revealed a significant ability to manipulate and control a light beam to hide events in time-domain. Achieving highly functional temporal cloaking, which open up and subsequently close intensity gaps in the probe beam to conceal events from the observer with satisfied performances, are still difficult in optical fiber communication. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a temporal cloak system based on ultra-short-pulse generation and time-domain fraunhofer diffraction. We succeed in hiding 83 percent of the whole time axis and cloak pseudorandom dark return-to-zero data bitrate at 10 Gbit/s. The four states of temporal cloaking and condition of cloaking off have been investigated in this paper.