Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1911.08754 · Physical Review A

Generating NOON states in circuit QED using a multiphoton resonance in the presence of counter-rotating interactions

Shi-fan Qi, Jun Jing

Published Mar 9, 2020• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The NOON states are valuable quantum resources, which have a wide range of applications in quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing. Here we propose a fast, concise, and reliable protocol for deterministically generating the NOON states of two resonators coupled to a single $▵$-type superconducting qutrit. In particular, we derive the effective Hamiltonians at the points of the multiphoton resonances by virtue of the strong counter-rotating interaction between the resonator modes and the qutrit. Based on these crucial effective Hamiltonians, our protocol simplifies the previous ones using the single-photon resonance and consequently reduces the number of operations for state preparation. To test the robustness of this protocol, we analyze the effects from both the decoherence including dissipation and dephasing and the crosstalk of resonator modes on the state fidelity through a Lindblad master equation in the eigenbases of the full Hamiltonian.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.033809

Related papers

Fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in circuit QED

Qi-Ping Su, Chui‐Ping Yang, Shi‐Biao Zheng

The generation, manipulation and fundamental understanding of entanglement lies at very heart of quantum mechanics. Among various types of entangled states, the NOON states are a kind of special quantum entangled states with two orthogonal component states in maximal superposition, which have a wide range of potential applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in two superconducting resonators by using a single superconducting transmon qutrit. Because only one superconducting qutrit and two resonators are used, the experimental setup for this scheme is much simplified when compared with the previous proposals requiring a setup of two superconducting qutrits and three cavities. In addition, this scheme is easier and faster to implement than the previous proposals, which require using a complex microwave pulse, or a small pulse Rabi frequency in order to avoid nonresonant transitions.

arXiv:1308.1793•Scientific Reports•Jan 28, 2014•62 citations

Generating entangled states from coherent states in circuit QED

Shi-fan Qi, Jun Jing

Entangled states are self-evidently important to a wide range of applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. We propose an efficient and convenient two-step protocol for generating Bell states and NOON states of two microwave resonators from merely coherent states. In particular, we derive an effective Hamiltonian for resonators coupled to a superconducting $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type qutrit in the dispersive regime. By the excitation-number-dependent Stark shifts of the qutrit transition frequencies, we are able to individually control the amplitudes of specified Fock states of the resonators associated with relevant qutrit transition, using carefully tailored microwave drive signals. Thereby an arbitrary bipartite entangled state in Fock space can be generated by a typical evolution-and-measurement procedure. We analyze the undesired state transitions and the robustness of our protocol against the systematic errors from the microwave driving intensity and frequency, the quantum decoherence of all components, and the crosstalk of two resonators. In addition, we demonstrate that our protocol can be extended to a similar scenario with a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}$-type qutrit.

arXiv:2212.14295•Physical Review A•Apr 10, 2023•12 citations

Efficient scheme for generation of photonic NOON states in circuit QED

Shao-Jie Xiong, Zhe Sun, Jin-Ming Liu +2 more

We propose an efficient scheme for generating photonic NOON states of two resonators coupled to a four-level superconducting flux device (coupler). This proposal operates essentially by employing a technique of a coupler resonantly interacting with two resonators simultaneously. As a consequence, the NOON-state preparation requires only N+1 operational steps and thus is much faster when compared with a recent proposal [Su et al, Sci. Rep.4, 3898 (2014)] requiring 2N steps of operation. Moreover, due to the use of only two resonators and a coupler, the experimental setup is much simplified when compared with previous proposals requiring three resonators and two superconducting qubits/qutrits.

arXiv:1412.5271•Optics Letters•May 4, 2015•31 citations

Efficient and flexible preparation of photonic NOON states in a superconducting system

Dong-Sheng Li, Yi-Hao Kang, Zhi-Cheng Shi +3 more

The NOON states play a critical role as physical resources in quantum information processing and quantum metrology, yet their preparation efficiency and applicability are often constrained by complicated operational procedures or the requirement for nonlinear interactions. In this paper, we propose an efficient protocol to generate the NOON states within two microwave cavities embedded in a superconducting system, assisted by an auxiliary five-level qudit. The state preparation is accomplished in three steps for an arbitrary photon number $N$ by adjusting only external classical fields, while keeping the qudit-cavity coupling strengths and the qudit level spacings fixed. Based on parameters accessible in superconducting systems, numerical simulations show that the protocol achieves relatively high fidelity for the NOON states preparation even in the presence of parameter fluctuations and decoherence effects. Thus, this protocol may provide a practical approach for preparing the NOON states with current technology. Notably, since nonlinear interactions are not required, the protocol is flexible and has the potential to be applied across various physical systems.

quant-pharXiv:2603.17253•Mar 19, 2026•0 citations

Floquet generation of a magnonic NOON state

Shi-fan Qi, Jun Jing

We propose a concise and deterministic protocol to generate NOON states in a hybrid system consisting of a superconducting qubit, a circuit resonator mode, and two magnonic modes, based on Floquet engineering. In particular, we construct a time-reversal-symmetry broken Hamiltonian for chiral state propagation of the three continuous-variable modes depending on qubit state, by the time modulation over qubit-resonator interaction and magnon frequency. Then, an arbitrary magnonic NOON state can be generated by a typical preparing-and-measurement procedure. We analyze the robustness of our protocol against the systematic errors in the qubit-magnon coupling strength, the Floquet-driving intensity, the frequency mismatch of the magnons, and the counterrotating interactions. We can obtain a high-fidelity NOON state in the presence of quantum dissipation on all components.

arXiv:2208.02976•Physical Review A•Jan 4, 2023•16 citations

Effective protocol for generating NOON states of resonator modes

Yi‐Hao Kang, Zhe-Ping Lin, Jianqun Yang +4 more

We propose a protocol for the generation of NOON states of resonator modes. The physical model is composed of two Kerr-nonlinear resonators and a four-level qudit. Using the off-resonant couplings between the resonators and the qudit, qudit-level-dependent frequency shifts on the two resonators are induced. The frequency shifts allow us to drive different resonators to the N-photon state when the qudit is in different intermediate levels. Consequently, the generation of NOON states with arbitrary photon number N can be completed in only three steps, i.e., driving the qudit to a superposition state of the two intermediate levels, driving one of the resonators to its N-photon state, and driving the qudit back to its ground level. Numerical simulations show that, in the regime of strong Kerr nonlinearity and coupling strengths, the protocol can produce the NOON state with high fidelity in the cases of different photon numbers. In addition, it is possible for the protocol to produce acceptable fidelity in the presence of systematic errors and decoherence factors. Therefore, the protocol may provide some useful perspectives for effective generation of photonic NOON states.

Optics Express•Nov 23, 2023•4 citations
The NOON states are valuable quantum resources, which have a wide range of applications in quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing. Here we propose a fast, concise, and reliable protocol for deterministically generating the NOON states of two resonators coupled to a single ▵▵▵-type superconducting qutrit. In particular, we derive the effective Hamiltonians at the points of the multiphoton resonances by virtue of the strong counter-rotating interaction between the resonator modes and the qutrit. Based on these crucial effective Hamiltonians, our protocol simplifies the previous ones using the single-photon resonance and consequently reduces the number of operations for state preparation. To test the robustness of this protocol, we analyze the effects from both the decoherence including dissipation and dephasing and the crosstalk of resonator modes on the state fidelity through a Lindblad master equation in the eigenbases of the full Hamiltonian.
The generation, manipulation and fundamental understanding of entanglement lies at very heart of quantum mechanics. Among various types of entangled states, the NOON states are a kind of special quantum entangled states with two orthogonal component states in maximal superposition, which have a wide range of potential applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in two superconducting resonators by using a single superconducting transmon qutrit. Because only one superconducting qutrit and two resonators are used, the experimental setup for this scheme is much simplified when compared with the previous proposals requiring a setup of two superconducting qutrits and three cavities. In addition, this scheme is easier and faster to implement than the previous proposals, which require using a complex microwave pulse, or a small pulse Rabi frequency in order to avoid nonresonant transitions.
Entangled states are self-evidently important to a wide range of applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. We propose an efficient and convenient two-step protocol for generating Bell states and NOON states of two microwave resonators from merely coherent states. In particular, we derive an effective Hamiltonian for resonators coupled to a superconducting $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type qutrit in the dispersive regime. By the excitation-number-dependent Stark shifts of the qutrit transition frequencies, we are able to individually control the amplitudes of specified Fock states of the resonators associated with relevant qutrit transition, using carefully tailored microwave drive signals. Thereby an arbitrary bipartite entangled state in Fock space can be generated by a typical evolution-and-measurement procedure. We analyze the undesired state transitions and the robustness of our protocol against the systematic errors from the microwave driving intensity and frequency, the quantum decoherence of all components, and the crosstalk of two resonators. In addition, we demonstrate that our protocol can be extended to a similar scenario with a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}$-type qutrit.
We propose an efficient scheme for generating photonic NOON states of two resonators coupled to a four-level superconducting flux device (coupler). This proposal operates essentially by employing a technique of a coupler resonantly interacting with two resonators simultaneously. As a consequence, the NOON-state preparation requires only N+1 operational steps and thus is much faster when compared with a recent proposal [Su et al, Sci. Rep.4, 3898 (2014)] requiring 2N steps of operation. Moreover, due to the use of only two resonators and a coupler, the experimental setup is much simplified when compared with previous proposals requiring three resonators and two superconducting qubits/qutrits.
The NOON states play a critical role as physical resources in quantum information processing and quantum metrology, yet their preparation efficiency and applicability are often constrained by complicated operational procedures or the requirement for nonlinear interactions. In this paper, we propose an efficient protocol to generate the NOON states within two microwave cavities embedded in a superconducting system, assisted by an auxiliary five-level qudit. The state preparation is accomplished in three steps for an arbitrary photon number NNN by adjusting only external classical fields, while keeping the qudit-cavity coupling strengths and the qudit level spacings fixed. Based on parameters accessible in superconducting systems, numerical simulations show that the protocol achieves relatively high fidelity for the NOON states preparation even in the presence of parameter fluctuations and decoherence effects. Thus, this protocol may provide a practical approach for preparing the NOON states with current technology. Notably, since nonlinear interactions are not required, the protocol is flexible and has the potential to be applied across various physical systems.
We propose a concise and deterministic protocol to generate NOON states in a hybrid system consisting of a superconducting qubit, a circuit resonator mode, and two magnonic modes, based on Floquet engineering. In particular, we construct a time-reversal-symmetry broken Hamiltonian for chiral state propagation of the three continuous-variable modes depending on qubit state, by the time modulation over qubit-resonator interaction and magnon frequency. Then, an arbitrary magnonic NOON state can be generated by a typical preparing-and-measurement procedure. We analyze the robustness of our protocol against the systematic errors in the qubit-magnon coupling strength, the Floquet-driving intensity, the frequency mismatch of the magnons, and the counterrotating interactions. We can obtain a high-fidelity NOON state in the presence of quantum dissipation on all components.
We propose a protocol for the generation of NOON states of resonator modes. The physical model is composed of two Kerr-nonlinear resonators and a four-level qudit. Using the off-resonant couplings between the resonators and the qudit, qudit-level-dependent frequency shifts on the two resonators are induced. The frequency shifts allow us to drive different resonators to the N-photon state when the qudit is in different intermediate levels. Consequently, the generation of NOON states with arbitrary photon number N can be completed in only three steps, i.e., driving the qudit to a superposition state of the two intermediate levels, driving one of the resonators to its N-photon state, and driving the qudit back to its ground level. Numerical simulations show that, in the regime of strong Kerr nonlinearity and coupling strengths, the protocol can produce the NOON state with high fidelity in the cases of different photon numbers. In addition, it is possible for the protocol to produce acceptable fidelity in the presence of systematic errors and decoherence factors. Therefore, the protocol may provide some useful perspectives for effective generation of photonic NOON states.