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arXiv:1911.06349 · New Journal of Physics

Channel activation of CHSH nonlocality

Yujie Zhang, Rodrigo Araiza Bravo, Virginia O Lorenz, Eric Chitambar

Published Mar 3, 2020• 8 citations
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Abstract

Abstract Quantum channels that break CHSH nonlocality on all input states are known as CHSH-breaking channels. In quantum networks, such channels are useless for distributing correlations that can violate the CHSH Inequality. Motivated by previous work on activation of nonlocality in quantum states, here we demonstrate an analogous activation of CHSH-breaking channels. That is, we show that certain pairs of CHSH-breaking channels are no longer CHSH-breaking when used in combination. We find that this type of activation can emerge in both uni-directional and bi-directional communication scenarios.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab7bef

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Abstract Quantum channels that break CHSH nonlocality on all input states are known as CHSH-breaking channels. In quantum networks, such channels are useless for distributing correlations that can violate the CHSH Inequality. Motivated by previous work on activation of nonlocality in quantum states, here we demonstrate an analogous activation of CHSH-breaking channels. That is, we show that certain pairs of CHSH-breaking channels are no longer CHSH-breaking when used in combination. We find that this type of activation can emerge in both uni-directional and bi-directional communication scenarios.
Incompatibility and nonlocality are not only of foundational interest but also act as important resources for quantum information theory. In the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) scenario, the incompatibility of a pair of observables is known to be equivalent to Bell nonlocality. Here, we investigate these notions in the context of qubit channels. The Bell-CHSH inequality has a greater perspective---compared to any genuine tripartite nonlocality scenario---while determining the interplay between nonlocality breaking qubit channels and incompatibility breaking qubit channels. In the Bell-CHSH scenario, we prove that if the conjugate of a channel is incompatibility breaking, then the channel is itself nonlocality breaking and vice versa. However, this equivalence is not straightforwardly generalized to multipartite systems, due to the absence of an equivalence relation between incompatibility and nonlocality in the multipartite scenario. We investigate this relation in the tripartite scenario by considering some well-known states like Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and WWW states and using the notion of Mermin and Svetlichny nonlocality. By subjecting the parties in question to unital qubit channels, we identify the range of state and channel parameters for which incompatibility coexists with nonlocality. Further, we identify the set of unital qubit channels that is Mermin or Svetlichny nonlocality breaking irrespective of the input state.
Entanglement breaking channels play a significant role in quantum information theory. In this work we investigate qubit channels through their property of 'non-locality breaking', which is defined in a natural way but within the purview of CHSH non-locality. This also provides a different perspective on the relationship between entanglement and non-locality through the dual picture of quantum channels instead of through states. For a channel to be entanglement breaking, it is sufficient to 'break' the entanglement of maximally entangled states. We provide examples to show that for CHSH nonlocality breaking such a property does not hold in general, although for certain channels and for a restricted class of states for all channels this holds. We also consider channels whose output remains local under SLOCC and call them 'strongly non-locality breaking'. We provide a closed-form necessary-sufficient condition for any two-qubit state to show hidden CHSH non-locality, which is likely to be useful for other purposes as well. This in turn allows us to characterize all strongly non-locality breaking qubit channels. It turns out that unital qubit channels breaking non-locality of maximally entangled states are strongly non-locality breaking while extremal qubit channels cannot be so unless they are entanglement breaking.
Quantum nonlocality is a cornerstone property for the development of the socalled quantum protocols as well as for the characterisation, and possible generalisation of quantum theory. However, there are still fundamental aspects of this property that need to be addressed; in particular, its relation with the property of quantum entanglement. It is well known that every nonlocal state is an entangled one, yet there exist entangled local states. Therefore, within their original defnitions, these two properties are not equivalent. The study of this relationship has been put forward by means of the generalisation of nonlocality through the so-called activation of nonlocality scenarios. The idea is to only work with these entangled local states in order to try to recover (activate) nonlocality. In this Thesis, we have numerically addressed the properties of entanglement, nonlocality (mostly by means of the violation of the CHSH-inequality), as well as the following generalisations of nonlocality: k-copy nonlocality, hidden nonlocality, and the combination of these two scenarios, namely, hidden k-copy nonlocality and tensor/filter activation of hidden nonlocality. We have studied these properties for some bipartite entangled local states, and some two-qubit not CHSH-inequality violating states of interest. In particular, we have analysed these properties for two-qubit states that come from the study of quantum games' strategies and the dynamics of open quantum systems.
We find two two-qubit bipartite states ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{2}$ such that arbitrarily many copies of one or the other cannot exhibit nonlocal correlations in a two-setting--two-outcome Bell scenario. However, the bipartite state ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{2}$ violates the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality [J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969).] by an amount of 2.023. We also identify a CHSH-local state $\ensuremath{\rho}$ such that ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{\bigotimes}2}$ is CHSH inequality-violating. The tools employed can be easily adapted to find instances of nonlocality activation in arbitrary Bell scenarios.
Contextuality and measurement incompatibility are two fundamental aspects of nonclassicality, and their manifestations in observed quantum correlations are often deeply interconnected. Recently, measurement incompatibility has been studied in connection with nonlocality, particularly in terms of their robustness under various quantum channels. This line of investigation helps establish a connection between the channels that break nonlocality and those that break incompatibility. In this study, we focus on an asymmetric bipartite Bell scenario involving three and four inputs on Alice and Bob sides, respectively, with each of these inputs having dichotomous outcomes. Under the assumption of locality, the observed statistics in this asymmetric scenario obeys the Elegant Bell inequality (EBI). Here, we use a different version of the EBI that relies on the assumption of the preparation noncontextuality. By taking the violation of this noncontextual version of EBI as a witness of preparation contextuality we establish a connection between the channels that break contextuality and the channels that break triple-wise measurement incompatibility. Our results suggest that any channel which breaks EBI contextuality will also break Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) nonlocality; however, the reverse does not hold. We also show that a depolarising channel that breaks N-wise incompatibility can also break a certain form of contextuality, witnessed by a generalised inequality involving N measurements on one wing of a bipartite Bell scenario.