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arXiv:1911.05303 · Annalen der Physik

Detecting Non‐Markovianity via Linear Entropy of Choi State

Xiao Zheng, Shao‐Qiang Ma, Guo‐Feng Zhang

Published Nov 29, 2019• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Non‐Markovian dynamics detection is one of the most popular subjects in quantum information science. In this paper, a linear‐entropy‐based non‐Markovianity witness scheme is constructed. The positive definiteness of the Choi state will be broken in non‐Markovian evolution, which can be witnessed by its linear entropy. Thus, the linear entropy of the Choi state can be used to witness non‐Markovian dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using the pure dephasing channel as an example. Finally, it is shown that this method can be extended to the one based on Rényi entropy.

DOI
10.1002/andp.201900320

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Abstract Non‐Markovian dynamics detection is one of the most popular subjects in quantum information science. In this paper, a linear‐entropy‐based non‐Markovianity witness scheme is constructed. The positive definiteness of the Choi state will be broken in non‐Markovian evolution, which can be witnessed by its linear entropy. Thus, the linear entropy of the Choi state can be used to witness non‐Markovian dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using the pure dephasing channel as an example. Finally, it is shown that this method can be extended to the one based on Rényi entropy.
Non-Markovian effects in open quantum system dynamics usually manifest the backflow of information from the environment to the system, indicating complete-positive divisibility breaking of the dynamics. We provide a criterion for witnessing such non-Markovian dynamics exhibiting information backflow, based on partial moments of Choi matrices. The moment condition determined by the positive semi-definiteness of a matrix does not hold for a Choi state describing non-Markovian dynamics. We then present some explicit examples in support of our proposed non-Markovianity detection scheme. Finally, a moment-based measure of non-Markovianity for unital dynamics is formulated.
Abstract We present a formalism for detection of non-Markovianity (NM) through uncertainty relations. We show that when there is an information back-flow to the system from its environment through CP-divisibility breaking, the Choi-states corresponding to the reduced system evolution contain at least one negative eigenvalue. The consequent break down of uncertainty relations for such states can be used to witness non-Markovian dynamics. We present some relevant examples of the phenomenon for qubit channels. We further prove that square of the variance of a suitable Hermitian operator can act as a non-linear witness of NM. We finally show that NM is necessary in order to decrease the uncertainty of the states undergoing unital dynamics for qubits. This provides another method of certifying NM.
Quantifying non-Markovianity is a fundamental problem in the theory of open quantum systems, as it is essential for exploiting environmental memory as a resource in quantum technologies. Existing resource-theoretic and operational quantifiers, however, generally require complete knowledge of the intermediate dynamical map and are therefore experimentally demanding. Here, we develop a witness-based framework for the quantification of non-Markovianity that bypasses complete reconstruction of the Choi state associated with the intermediate dynamical map. We first show that every non-Markovianity witness provides a certifiable lower bound on the geometric resource measure of non-Markovianity and identify the necessary and sufficient conditions under which this bound is tight. Motivated by the fact that non-positive-semidefinite witnesses are generally difficult to measure in real experimental scenario, we then focus on positive-semidefinite witnesses, which admit a natural implementation as positive operator valued measure (POVM) elements. We prove that every positive witness yields a certified lower bound on the Rivas--Huelga--Plenio (RHP) measure, thereby establishing a complete hierarchy connecting witness-based quantification, the RHP measure, and the geometric distance measure. Applying our framework to amplitude-damping and general Pauli dynamics, we find that the optimal positive witnesses reduce to simple Bell-parity projectors. Furthermore, we show that the resulting witness values can be obtained directly from a small number of experimentally accessible correlation measurements, thereby eliminating the need for complete Choi-state reconstruction and providing an efficient and experimentally feasible approach for the quantification of non-Markovianity in open quantum systems.
Exploiting the master equations in the Lindblad form, we establish a sufficient and necessary condition for a Markovian dynamics to be unital. Based on this condition, we analyze the dynamical property of quantum R\'enyi entropy and propose a characterization of quantum non-Markovianity for unital dynamics in terms of R\'enyi entropy, which contains the previous criteria of non-Markovianity via von Neumann entropy and linear entropy as particular cases. The effectiveness of this measure in capturing the backflow of information from the environment is illustrated through several typical unital dynamics.
We study the efficacy of the two recently introduced witnesses of non-Markovianity, namely that based on temporal correlations in pseudo-density matrix and temporal steering correlations in detecting information backflow. We show, through specific counterexamples taken from existing literature, that they can witness a process to be non-Markovian where trace distance and entropic distinguishability measures may fail. We further show that, since the pseudo-density matrix is directly related to the Choi matrix of a channel via the partial transpose, it can be generalized to quantify the total quantum memory in any indivisible process. Moreover, we make an interesting observation that temporal steerable correlations-based measure may not capture eternal non-Markovianity hence may not be proportional to Choi-matrix-based methods, while pseudo-density matrix-based measures introduced in this work faithfully capture eternal non-Markovianity. Our work highlights important distinction between weak and strong forms of quantum direct cause in quantum mechanics when applied to open system dynamics.
In the study of open quantum systems, information exchange between system and its surrounding environment plays an eminent and important role in analysing the dynamics of open quantum system. In this work, by making use of the quantum information theory and intrinsic properties such as \emph{entropy exchange}, \emph{coherent information} and using the notion of \emph{quantum loss} as a criterion of the amount of lost information, we will propose a new witness, based on information exchange, to detect non-Markovianity. Also a measure for determining the degree of non-Markovianity, will be introduced by using our witness. The characteristic of non-Markovianity is clarified by means of our witness, and we emphasize that this measure is constructed based on the loss of information or in other word the rate of \emph{quantum loss} in the environment. It is defined in term of reducing correlation between system and ancillary. Actually, our focus is on the information which be existed in the environment and it has been entered to the environment due to its interaction with the system. Remarkably, due to choosing the situation which the "system +ancillary" in maximal entangled pure state, optimization procedure does not need in calculation of our measure, such that the degree of non-Markovianity is computed analytically by straightforward calculations.