Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1911.00897 · Applied Physics Letters

Experimental simulation of hybrid quantum systems and entanglement on a quantum computer

Farai Mazhandu, Kayleigh Mathieson, Christopher Coleman, Somnath Bhattacharyya

Published Dec 2, 2019• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose the utilization of the IBM Quantum Experience quantum computing system to simulate different scenarios involving common hybrid quantum system components, the nitrogen vacancy center (NV center), and the flux qubit. We perform a series of simulation experiments and demonstrate properties of a virtual hybrid system, including its spin relaxation rate and state coherence. In correspondence with experimental investigations, we look at the scalability of such systems and show that increasing the number of coupled NV centers decreases the coherence time. We also establish the main error rate as a function of the number of control pulses in evaluating the fidelity of the four qubit virtual circuit with the simulator. Our results show that the virtual system can attain decoherence and fidelity values comparable to what has been reported for experimental investigations of similar physical hybrid systems, observing a coherence time at 0.35 s for a single NV center qubit and fidelity in the range of 0.82. This work thus establishes an effective simulation protocol to test and evaluate different technologies as a supplementary measure that complements their experimental operation.

DOI
10.1063/1.5126505

Related papers

Entanglement of quantum node based on hybrid system of diamond nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensembles and superconducting quantum circuits

Xueqin Li, Zhao Yun-Fang, Tang Yan-ni +1 more

Quantum entanglement is a kernel of quantum computation and quantum communication. We introduce a theoretical scheme to achieve the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes in a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin ensemble is coherently coupled to a superconducting quantum circuit consisting of two quantum nodes and a quantum channel. Each node in our setup is composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator. The NV center spin ensemble composed of N identical and non-interacting NV spins, is placed in the magnetic field antinode of the superconducting coplanar resonator where the coupling is maximized. An array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is inserted in the central conductor of resonator to make its frequency tunable with the magnetic flux threading through the SQUID loops. This flux is generated by passing current through an on-chip wire, so that the resonator can be brought in resonance with the NV center spins without changing their Zeeman splitting. Quantum qubits encoded into two separate nodes are connected by a vacuum superconducting coplanar resonator that is used as a quantum channel. This setup can potentially take the best elements of each individual system:NV center spin ensemble with longer coherence time capable of preparing, storing and releasing photonic quantum information, and the superconducting quantum circuits are easy to manipulate externally and can perform quantum logic gates to control quantum information rapidly. In order to realize the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes, firstly, we make a canonical transformation and obtain the Hamiltonian of the system that is reduced to two NV center spin ensembles resonantly coupled to a single mode of the superconducting coplanar resonator. Then we put forward the hybrid NV center spin-photon qubit encoding. In this hybrid encoding, the NV center spin and photon degrees of freedom enter on an equal footing into the definition of the qubit, in which case, quantum channel will switch on when three superconducting coplanar resonators are in resonance with each other, and all the manipulations can perform simply by tuning the frequencies of the superconducting coplanar resonators. Under the precise control of the evolution time, high fidelity entanglement between two separated quantum nodes is achieved. We show that this proposal can provide high fidelity quantum entanglement under realistic conditions, both in the resonant and the dispersive interaction cases. This hybrid quantum system will exhibit long coherence time and possess features like easy fabrication, integratability, and potential scalability. Furthermore, the quantum node composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator can be respectively integrated, which has practical applications in the realization of quantum information transmission and quantum entanglement among multiple quantum nodes.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•2 citations

Properties of hybrid entanglement among two flux qubits and a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble

Qinghong Liao, Lin Chen, Xin Liu +1 more

Abstract We investigate hybrid flux-nitrogen-vacancy (NV) entanglement in the system consisting of two flux qubits and an NV-center ensemble (NVE). The influence of the initial entanglement degree of the flux qubit C, the coupling strength between two flux qubits, the coupling strength between the flux qubit M and the NVE on the bipartite entanglement and the tripartite entanglement is discussed. The maximally bipartite entangled state and the maximally tripartite entangled state can be obtained under certain conditions. In addition, it is shown that the time of disentanglement of the hybrid quantum system can be controlled by adjusting the coupling strength between two flux qubits and the coupling strength between the flux qubit M and the NVE.

Laser Physics•Jun 27, 2018•0 citations

Quantum memory using a hybrid circuit with flux qubits and nitrogen-vacancy centers

Xin-You Lü, Ze-Liang Xiang, Wei Cui +2 more

We propose how to realize high-fidelity quantum storage using a hybrid quantum architecture including two coupled flux qubits and a nitrogen-vacancy center ensemble (NVE). One of the flux qubits is considered as the quantum-computing processor and the NVE serves as the quantum memory. By separating the computing and memory units, the influence of the quantum-computing process on the quantum memory can be effectively eliminated, and hence the quantum storage of an arbitrary quantum state of the computing qubit could be achieved with high fidelity. Furthermore, the present proposal is robust with respect to fluctuations of the system parameters, and it is experimentally feasible with currently available technology.

arXiv:1301.1504•Physical Review A•Jul 26, 2013•91 citations

Robust scalable architecture for a hybrid spin-mechanical quantum entanglement system

Yang Dong, Xiang-Dong Chen, Guang‐Can Guo +1 more

Practical quantum information technique requires a large scalable quantum network. We proposed a hybrid system for deterministic scalable spin entanglement network based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupling with carbon nanotube. The fault-tolerant entangled gate between two remote NV centers can be realized with vibrating nanotube assisted spin-spin interaction with current experimental technology. This interaction can be directly generalized to multi-NV-center entanglement architecture. Moreover, the effects of the single spin dephasing (SSD) and spin cross relaxation (SCR) on this state generation process were analyzed in detail. We found that the decay rate scales as ${N}^{2}$, corresponding to the number of independent decoherence channels. However, by employing dressed state protection and independent tunable interaction method, SSD and SCR can be mitigated efficiently and the decay rate of the generated multi-NV-center entanglement scales as $N$, which boosts the size of the entanglement network up to hundreds of qubits. Such a hybrid quantum system compatible with current topological protection provides a useful platform for the investigation of quantum computation.

Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Dec 4, 2019•10 citations

Quantum Computation and Quantum Simulation with Atomic and Solid State Systems.

Zhexuan Gong

The ability to manipulate individual quantum systems in a precise way has led to a new era of quantum technologies, including quantum computation and quantum simulation. In this thesis we present several new implementations of these quantum technologies. We first aim at addressing current experimental challenges for quantum dot based quantum computing. We propose a systematic way to study the dynamics of nuclear spin, which is responsible for the short electron spin coherence time. Our calculation is based on diffusion model and is consistent with experiments. We also invent a novel protocol to realize high-fidelity ultrafast universal quantum gate in recently-developed quantum dot molecule system. Experimental realization of our protocol requires only a simple time engineering of optical pulses. We then propose a new quantum state transfer scheme for Nitrogen-Vacancy center based quantum computer, which is applicable at room temperature. Our method accomplishes high fidelity robust quantum state transfer through uncontrolled thermal nitrogen spin chain between two remote NV registers. Our next study helps building a hybrid quantum computer by entangling disparate systems using photonic links. The photons emitted from two types of system need to be matched in both frequency and pulse shape. We propose a simple method to match the emitted pulse shape from two qubit systems with different transition linewidths. We then focus on quantum simulation with trapped ions. We show the possibility of observing a novel type of temperature driven structural phase transition in trapped ion chain, which originates from anharmonic interaction between different vibrational modes. Afterward, an experimental protocol to simulate a conceptually new state of matter, called time crystal, is proposed based on ions trapped in a ring trap. Finally, we propose two new applications based on the recently developed trapped ion quantum simulator of spin models: (1) simulation of Haldane-Shastry model, which opens the way of experimental study to a remarkable theoretical model involving spin liquid ground state and fractional excitations (2) observation of prethermalization and dynamical phase transition, which are poorly understood non-equilibrium phenomena in closed quantum many-body system.

•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation

Quantum state transfer between nitrogen vacancy center ensembles in hybrid quantum system

Hamad Ali, Abdul Basit, Fazal Badshah +2 more

We propose a system for quantum state transfer (QST) between two nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVEs) coupled to two transmission line resonators (TLRs) via flux qubits (FQs). We study the transfer of an arbitrary quantum state by various system's controlling parameters i.e. , the coupling between nitrogen vacancy ensembles g , the coupling strength between resonators λ for both the resonant and non-resonant interactions in the presence of decoherence. Furthermore, we investigate the dynamics of QST for three different cases, i.e. , g ≫ λ , g ≃ λ and g ≪ λ in detail. It is found that the quantum state can be efficiently transferred between NVEs for suitable values of controlling parameters. We observe that the fidelity of quantum state transfer is about 99 % in all cases for short operational time ( 0.45 μ s ) while in the presence of decoherence fidelity is above 96 % . This reveals that decoherence has no prominent effect on quantum state transfer.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Sep 23, 2019•3 citations
We propose the utilization of the IBM Quantum Experience quantum computing system to simulate different scenarios involving common hybrid quantum system components, the nitrogen vacancy center (NV center), and the flux qubit. We perform a series of simulation experiments and demonstrate properties of a virtual hybrid system, including its spin relaxation rate and state coherence. In correspondence with experimental investigations, we look at the scalability of such systems and show that increasing the number of coupled NV centers decreases the coherence time. We also establish the main error rate as a function of the number of control pulses in evaluating the fidelity of the four qubit virtual circuit with the simulator. Our results show that the virtual system can attain decoherence and fidelity values comparable to what has been reported for experimental investigations of similar physical hybrid systems, observing a coherence time at 0.35 s for a single NV center qubit and fidelity in the range of 0.82. This work thus establishes an effective simulation protocol to test and evaluate different technologies as a supplementary measure that complements their experimental operation.
Quantum entanglement is a kernel of quantum computation and quantum communication. We introduce a theoretical scheme to achieve the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes in a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin ensemble is coherently coupled to a superconducting quantum circuit consisting of two quantum nodes and a quantum channel. Each node in our setup is composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator. The NV center spin ensemble composed of N identical and non-interacting NV spins, is placed in the magnetic field antinode of the superconducting coplanar resonator where the coupling is maximized. An array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is inserted in the central conductor of resonator to make its frequency tunable with the magnetic flux threading through the SQUID loops. This flux is generated by passing current through an on-chip wire, so that the resonator can be brought in resonance with the NV center spins without changing their Zeeman splitting. Quantum qubits encoded into two separate nodes are connected by a vacuum superconducting coplanar resonator that is used as a quantum channel. This setup can potentially take the best elements of each individual system:NV center spin ensemble with longer coherence time capable of preparing, storing and releasing photonic quantum information, and the superconducting quantum circuits are easy to manipulate externally and can perform quantum logic gates to control quantum information rapidly. In order to realize the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes, firstly, we make a canonical transformation and obtain the Hamiltonian of the system that is reduced to two NV center spin ensembles resonantly coupled to a single mode of the superconducting coplanar resonator. Then we put forward the hybrid NV center spin-photon qubit encoding. In this hybrid encoding, the NV center spin and photon degrees of freedom enter on an equal footing into the definition of the qubit, in which case, quantum channel will switch on when three superconducting coplanar resonators are in resonance with each other, and all the manipulations can perform simply by tuning the frequencies of the superconducting coplanar resonators. Under the precise control of the evolution time, high fidelity entanglement between two separated quantum nodes is achieved. We show that this proposal can provide high fidelity quantum entanglement under realistic conditions, both in the resonant and the dispersive interaction cases. This hybrid quantum system will exhibit long coherence time and possess features like easy fabrication, integratability, and potential scalability. Furthermore, the quantum node composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator can be respectively integrated, which has practical applications in the realization of quantum information transmission and quantum entanglement among multiple quantum nodes.
Abstract We investigate hybrid flux-nitrogen-vacancy (NV) entanglement in the system consisting of two flux qubits and an NV-center ensemble (NVE). The influence of the initial entanglement degree of the flux qubit C, the coupling strength between two flux qubits, the coupling strength between the flux qubit M and the NVE on the bipartite entanglement and the tripartite entanglement is discussed. The maximally bipartite entangled state and the maximally tripartite entangled state can be obtained under certain conditions. In addition, it is shown that the time of disentanglement of the hybrid quantum system can be controlled by adjusting the coupling strength between two flux qubits and the coupling strength between the flux qubit M and the NVE.
We propose how to realize high-fidelity quantum storage using a hybrid quantum architecture including two coupled flux qubits and a nitrogen-vacancy center ensemble (NVE). One of the flux qubits is considered as the quantum-computing processor and the NVE serves as the quantum memory. By separating the computing and memory units, the influence of the quantum-computing process on the quantum memory can be effectively eliminated, and hence the quantum storage of an arbitrary quantum state of the computing qubit could be achieved with high fidelity. Furthermore, the present proposal is robust with respect to fluctuations of the system parameters, and it is experimentally feasible with currently available technology.
Practical quantum information technique requires a large scalable quantum network. We proposed a hybrid system for deterministic scalable spin entanglement network based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupling with carbon nanotube. The fault-tolerant entangled gate between two remote NV centers can be realized with vibrating nanotube assisted spin-spin interaction with current experimental technology. This interaction can be directly generalized to multi-NV-center entanglement architecture. Moreover, the effects of the single spin dephasing (SSD) and spin cross relaxation (SCR) on this state generation process were analyzed in detail. We found that the decay rate scales as N2{N}^{2}N2, corresponding to the number of independent decoherence channels. However, by employing dressed state protection and independent tunable interaction method, SSD and SCR can be mitigated efficiently and the decay rate of the generated multi-NV-center entanglement scales as NNN, which boosts the size of the entanglement network up to hundreds of qubits. Such a hybrid quantum system compatible with current topological protection provides a useful platform for the investigation of quantum computation.
The ability to manipulate individual quantum systems in a precise way has led to a new era of quantum technologies, including quantum computation and quantum simulation. In this thesis we present several new implementations of these quantum technologies. We first aim at addressing current experimental challenges for quantum dot based quantum computing. We propose a systematic way to study the dynamics of nuclear spin, which is responsible for the short electron spin coherence time. Our calculation is based on diffusion model and is consistent with experiments. We also invent a novel protocol to realize high-fidelity ultrafast universal quantum gate in recently-developed quantum dot molecule system. Experimental realization of our protocol requires only a simple time engineering of optical pulses. We then propose a new quantum state transfer scheme for Nitrogen-Vacancy center based quantum computer, which is applicable at room temperature. Our method accomplishes high fidelity robust quantum state transfer through uncontrolled thermal nitrogen spin chain between two remote NV registers. Our next study helps building a hybrid quantum computer by entangling disparate systems using photonic links. The photons emitted from two types of system need to be matched in both frequency and pulse shape. We propose a simple method to match the emitted pulse shape from two qubit systems with different transition linewidths. We then focus on quantum simulation with trapped ions. We show the possibility of observing a novel type of temperature driven structural phase transition in trapped ion chain, which originates from anharmonic interaction between different vibrational modes. Afterward, an experimental protocol to simulate a conceptually new state of matter, called time crystal, is proposed based on ions trapped in a ring trap. Finally, we propose two new applications based on the recently developed trapped ion quantum simulator of spin models: (1) simulation of Haldane-Shastry model, which opens the way of experimental study to a remarkable theoretical model involving spin liquid ground state and fractional excitations (2) observation of prethermalization and dynamical phase transition, which are poorly understood non-equilibrium phenomena in closed quantum many-body system.
We propose a system for quantum state transfer (QST) between two nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVEs) coupled to two transmission line resonators (TLRs) via flux qubits (FQs). We study the transfer of an arbitrary quantum state by various system's controlling parameters i.e. , the coupling between nitrogen vacancy ensembles g , the coupling strength between resonators λ for both the resonant and non-resonant interactions in the presence of decoherence. Furthermore, we investigate the dynamics of QST for three different cases, i.e. , g ≫ λ , g ≃ λ and g ≪ λ in detail. It is found that the quantum state can be efficiently transferred between NVEs for suitable values of controlling parameters. We observe that the fidelity of quantum state transfer is about 99 % in all cases for short operational time ( 0.45 μ s ) while in the presence of decoherence fidelity is above 96 % . This reveals that decoherence has no prominent effect on quantum state transfer.