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arXiv:1910.00574 · Physical Review X

Driven-Dissipative Quantum Kerr Resonators: New Exact Solutions, Photon Blockade and Quantum Bistability

David Roberts, Aashish A. Clerk

Published Apr 29, 2020• 84 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A new approach to describing the interplay between quantum mechanics, nonequilibrium driving, and dissipation could enable a paradigm shift in how bosonic systems are used in quantum-based technologies.
DOI
10.1103/physrevx.10.021022

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Multi-tone external driving offers a route to parametric physics without directly modulating the device. However, the validity of the parametric response in the few-photon regime remains underexplored. Here, we apply two coherent microwave tones to a Josephson-junction Kerr oscillator and stimulate degenerate parametric downconversion via four-wave mixing. Using transmission spectroscopy, we observe that the response retains the qualitative semiclassical Kerr parametric oscillator structure, including its instability lobe and bistable phase-space topology. Interestingly, we demonstrate that a conventional single-mode reduction fails to capture the system quantitatively: the predicted AC Stark shift is severely underestimated, and the reported distributions might not be fully physical when the single-photon Kerr shift KKK exceeds the cavity linewidth κκκ. Instead, we show that a full three-tone quantum description accurately reproduces the experimental observables. There, quantum fluctuations of the drive tones become dynamically dominant over dissipation, and all three interacting tones operate in a deep few-photon limit where the expected semiclassical macroscopic lobes undergo fundamental renormalization due to profound mixing with quantum variance. Our results establish two-tone-driven Kerr oscillators as potential parametric amplifiers and open new horizons to explore the quantum-to-classical crossover in driven-dissipative circuits.
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