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arXiv:1910.00276 · Physical Review Fluids

Coarse-grained pressure dynamics in superfluid turbulence

Jason Laurie, Andrew William Baggaley

Published Jan 28, 2020• 2 citations
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Abstract

Coarse-grained superfluid dynamics are investigated through detailed numerical simulation at the level of individual quantized vortex lines. Simulations show a strong correlation between the formation of quantized vortex bundles and the production of extreme negative pressure regions in excess of 3 standard deviations. This motivates the use of experimental pressure measurements for probing superfluid turbulence at low temperatures.

DOI
10.1103/physrevfluids.5.014603

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Coarse-grained superfluid dynamics are investigated through detailed numerical simulation at the level of individual quantized vortex lines. Simulations show a strong correlation between the formation of quantized vortex bundles and the production of extreme negative pressure regions in excess of 3 standard deviations. This motivates the use of experimental pressure measurements for probing superfluid turbulence at low temperatures.
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We numerically model experiments in which large-scale vortex rings-bundles of quantized vortex loops-are created in superfluid helium by a piston-cylinder arrangement. We show that the presence of a normal-fluid vortex ring together with the quantized vortices is essential to explain the coherence of these large-scale vortex structures at nonzero temperatures, as observed experimentally. Finally we argue that the interaction of superfluid and normal-fluid vortex bundles is relevant to recent investigations of superfluid turbulence.
We numerically model experiments in which large-scale vortex rings---bundles of quantized vortex loops---are created in superfluid helium by a piston-cylinder arrangement. We show that the presence of a normal-fluid vortex ring together with the quantized vortices is essential to explain the coherence of these large-scale vortex structures at nonzero temperatures, as observed experimentally. Finally we argue that the interaction of superfluid and normal-fluid vortex bundles is relevant to recent investigations of superfluid turbulence.
The unitary Fermi gas (UFG) offers a unique opportunity to study quantum turbulence both experimentally and theoretically in a strongly interacting fermionic superfluid with the highest vortex line density of any known superfluid. It yields to accurate and controlled experiments and admits the only dynamical microscopic description via time-dependent density-functional theory, apart from dilute bosonic gases, of the crossing and reconnection of superfluid vortex lines conjectured by Feynman [R. P. Feynman, Prog. Low Temp. Phys. 1, 17 (1955)] to be at the origin of quantum turbulence in superfluids at zero temperature. We demonstrate how various vortex configurations can be generated by using well-established experimental techniques: laser stirring and phase imprinting. New imaging techniques demonstrated by Ku et al. [M. J. H. Ku et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 065301 (2014)] should be able to directly visualize these crossings and reconnections in greater detail than performed so far in liquid helium. We demonstrate the critical role played by the geometry of the trap in the formation and dynamics of a vortex in the UFG and how laser stirring and phase imprint can be used to create vortex tangles with clear signatures of the onset of quantum turbulence.
The dynamics of quantized vortices in rotating 3^33He-B is investigated in the low density (single-vortex) regime as a function of temperature. An abrupt transition is observed at 0.5Tc0.5 T_{\rm c}0.5Tc​. Above this temperature the number of vortex lines remains constant, as they evolve to their equilibrium positions. Below this temperature the number of vortices increases linearly in time until the vortex density has grown sufficiently for turbulence to switch on. On the basis of numerical calculations we suggest a mechanism responsible for vortex formation at low temperatures and identify the mutual friction parameter which governs its abrupt temperature dependence.