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arXiv:1909.09329

Modeling and Designing Routing Protocols in Quantum Networks

Shouqian Shi, Chen Qian

Published Sep 20, 2019• 11 citations
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Abstract

Quantum networks enable a number of important applications such as quantum key distribution. The basic function of a quantum network is to enable long-distance quantum entanglement between two remote communication parties. This work focuses on the entanglement routing problem, whose objective is to build long-distance entanglements for the concurrent source-destination pairs through multiple hops. Different from existing works that analyzes the traditional routing techniques on special network topologies, we present a comprehensive entanglement routing model that reflects the differences between quantum networks and classical networks and new entanglement routing algorithms that utilize the unique properties of quantum networks. Evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm Q-CAST increases the number of successful long-distance entanglements by a big margin compared to other methods. The model and simulator developed by this work may encourage more network researchers to study the entanglement routing problem.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1909.09329

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Quantum networks enable a number of important applications such as quantum key distribution. The basic function of a quantum network is to enable long-distance quantum entanglement between two remote communication parties. This work focuses on the entanglement routing problem, whose objective is to build long-distance entanglements for the concurrent source-destination pairs through multiple hops. Different from existing works that analyzes the traditional routing techniques on special network topologies, we present a comprehensive entanglement routing model that reflects the differences between quantum networks and classical networks and new entanglement routing algorithms that utilize the unique properties of quantum networks. Evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm Q-CAST increases the number of successful long-distance entanglements by a big margin compared to other methods. The model and simulator developed by this work may encourage more network researchers to study the entanglement routing problem.
Quantum entanglement enables important computing applications such as quantum key distribution. Based on quantum entanglement, quantum networks are built to provide long-distance secret sharing between two remote communication parties. Establishing a multi-hop quantum entanglement exhibits a high failure rate, and existing quantum networks rely on trusted repeater nodes to transmit quantum bits. However, when the scale of a quantum network increases, it requires end-to-end multi-hop quantum entanglements in order to deliver secret bits without letting the repeaters know the secret bits. This work focuses on the entanglement routing problem, whose objective is to build long-distance entanglements via untrusted repeaters for concurrent source-destination pairs through multiple hops. Different from existing work that analyzes the traditional routing techniques on special network topologies, we present a comprehensive entanglement routing model that reflects the differences between quantum networks and classical networks as well as a new entanglement routing algorithm that utilizes the unique properties of quantum networks. Evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm Q-CAST increases the number of successful long-distance entanglements by a big margin compared to other methods. The model and simulator developed by this work may encourage more network researchers to study the entanglement routing problem.
Quantum entanglement enables important computing applications such as quantum key distribution. Based on quantum entanglement, quantum networks are built to provide long-distance secret sharing between two remote communication parties. Establishing a multi-hop quantum entanglement exhibits a high failure rate, and existing quantum networks rely on trusted repeater nodes to transmit quantum bits. However, when the scale of a quantum network increases, it requires end-to-end multi-hop quantum entanglements in order to deliver secret bits without letting the repeaters know the secret bits. This work focuses on the entanglement routing problem, whose objective is to build long-distance entanglements via untrusted repeaters for concurrent source-destination pairs through multiple hops. Different from existing work that analyzes the traditional routing techniques on special network topologies, we present a comprehensive entanglement routing model that reflects the differences between quantum networks and classical networks as well as a new entanglement routing algorithm that utilizes the unique properties of quantum networks. Evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm Q-CAST increases the number of successful long-distance entanglements by a big margin compared to other methods. The model and simulator developed by this work may encourage more network researchers to study the entanglement routing problem.
Quantum networks are considered as a promising future platform for quantum information exchange and quantum applications, which have capabilities far beyond the traditional communication networks. Remote quantum entanglement is an essential component of a quantum network. How to efficiently design a multi-routing entanglement protocol is a fundamental yet challenging problem. In this paper, we study a quantum entanglement routing problem to simultaneously maximize the number of quantum-user pairs and their expected throughput. Our approach is to formulate the problem as two sequential integer programming steps. We propose efficient entanglement routing algorithms for the two integer programming steps and analyze their time complexity and performance bounds. Results of evaluation highlight that our approach outperforms existing solutions in both served quantum-user pairs numbers and the network expected throughput.
Quantum networks have emerged as a future platform for quantum information exchange and applications, with promising capabilities far beyond traditional communication networks. Remote quantum entanglement is an essential component of a quantum network. How to efficiently design a multi-routing entanglement protocol is a fundamental yet challenging problem. In this paper, we study a quantum entanglement routing problem to simultaneously maximize the number of quantum-user pairs and their expected throughput. Our approach is to formulate the problem as two sequential integer programming problems. We propose efficient entanglement routing algorithms for these two optimization problems and analyze their time complexity and performance bounds. Evaluation results highlight that our approach outperforms existing solutions in both the number of quantum-user pairs served and network throughput.
This paper proposes a novel routing algorithm for distributed computing networks leveraging the unique properties of quantum entanglement. The core concept involves utilizing quantum entanglement to create "quantum routes" for computational tasks, effectively bypassing the limitations of traditional physical network topologies. The algorithm is designed to optimize the generation and utilization of entanglement states, thereby achieving optimal task transmission paths and reducing latency and energy consumption. The theoretical framework is presented, outlining the key mathematical formulations and the proposed routing protocol. This approach represents a significant departure from conventional distributed computing routing methods, offering a potentially transformative solution for high-performance and energy-efficient distributed systems. Specifically, the algorithm aims to minimize the quantum distance (Q-distance) between nodes, where Q-distance is defined as the number of entangled pairs required to establish a communication channel. The efficiency of the proposed routing is evaluated through analytical models and discussed in terms of scalability and adaptability within complex distributed computing environments.
This paper proposes a novel routing protocol for distributed networks inspired by quantum entanglement. Traditional classical routing protocols suffer from inherent bottlenecks and inefficiencies, particularly as network scales increase. This work introduces an entanglement-based routing scheme that mimics the behavior of entangled particles to achieve exponentially faster and more robust routing. The core concept involves mapping network nodes to quantum states and leveraging the correlated nature of entanglement to determine optimal paths. We formulate the routing problem as a search within a complex Hilbert space, utilizing probabilistic methods to approximate the desired quantum state. The proposed protocol introduces metrics for path evaluation based on entanglement strength and distance, resulting in a dynamic routing strategy. Simulation results demonstrate the potential for significant performance improvements compared to conventional routing algorithms, offering a fundamentally new approach to network routing. Further research will focus on optimizing the algorithm for practical implementation and exploring its application in diverse network topologies.