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arXiv:1909.05958 · Physical Review A

Measurement of the hyperfine coupling constant for nS1/2 Rydberg states of Rb85

Andira Ramos, Ryan Cardman, Georg A. Raithel

Published Dec 30, 2019• 12 citations
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Abstract

We present measurements of the hyperfine structure splittings of $n{S}_{1/2}$ Rydberg states of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ for $n=43$, 44, 45, and 46. From the splittings, the hyperfine coupling constant, ${A}_{\mathrm{HFS}}$, is determined to be 15.372(80) GHz. This result is an order-of-magnitude improvement from previous measurements. We study and account for systematic uncertainty sources, such as unwanted electric and magnetic fields, dipolar Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, and ac shifts. Initial evidence for hyperfine-mixed Rydberg pair states is found.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.062515

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We present measurements of the hyperfine structure splittings of nS1/2n{S}_{1/2}nS1/2​ Rydberg states of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb for n=43n=43n=43, 44, 45, and 46. From the splittings, the hyperfine coupling constant, AHFS{A}_{\mathrm{HFS}}AHFS​, is determined to be 15.372(80) GHz. This result is an order-of-magnitude improvement from previous measurements. We study and account for systematic uncertainty sources, such as unwanted electric and magnetic fields, dipolar Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, and ac shifts. Initial evidence for hyperfine-mixed Rydberg pair states is found.
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We present measurements of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the nPJn{P}_{J}nPJ​ Rydberg states for a large range of principal quantum number nnn (n=41−−55)(n=41--55)(n=41−−55) employing microwave spectroscopy in an ultracold cesium Rydberg ensemble. A microwave field with $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}$ duration couples the $nS\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ transition, yielding a narrow linewidth spectroscopy that approaches the Fourier limit, which allows us to resolve the hyperfine structure of nPJn{P}_{J}nPJ​ states. By analyzing the hyperfine splittings of nPJn{P}_{J}nPJ​ states, we determine the magnetic dipole HFS coupling constant A‾HFS,P1/2=3.760(26){\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{1/2}}=3.760(26)AHFS,P1/2​​=3.760(26) GHz for the P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​ state, and A‾HFS,P3/2=0.718(27){\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=0.718(27)AHFS,P3/2​​=0.718(27) GHz and ${\overline{B}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=\ensuremath{-}0.084(102)$ GHz for the P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​ state. Systematic uncertainties caused by stray electromagnetic field, microwave field power, and Rydberg interaction are analyzed. This measurement is significant for the investigation of Rydberg electrometry and quantum simulation with dipole interaction involving the nPJn{P}_{J}nPJ​ state.
Improved measurements of hyperfine splittings in the 62D3/26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}62D3/2​ and 62D5/26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}62D5/2​ states of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb have been performed using Doppler-free, double-resonance, optical pumping laser spectroscopy. The small sizes of the splittings and their associated coupling constants limit the fractional precision of the results, but when these results are combined with past measurements and scaling rules, they provide a reasonably complete and satisfactory characterization of the entire hyperfine structure in the 62D3/26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}62D3/2​ and 62D5/26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}62D5/2​ manifolds of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb.
Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.
We present direct measurements of the hyperfine splitting of Rydberg states in 87{}^{87}87Rb using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy in a room-temperature vapor cell. With this method, and in spite of Doppler broadening, linewidths of 3.7 MHz FWHM, i.e., significantly below the intermediate-state natural linewidth, are reached. This allows resolving hyperfine splittings for Rydberg sss states with n=20,...,24n=20,...,24n=20,...,24. With this method we are able to determine Rydberg state hyperfine splittings with an accuracy of approximately 100 kHz. Ultimately, our method allows accuracies of order 5 kHz to be reached. Furthermore, we present a direct measurement of hyperfine-resolved Rydberg-state Stark shifts. These results will be of great value for future experiments relying on excellent knowledge of Rydberg-state energies and polarizabilities.
Quantum beats due to the hyperfine interaction were observed in the radiative decay of the 8D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ state in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb. The data agree well with theory allowing determination of the magnetic-dipole (\ensuremath{\Vert}a\ensuremath{\Vert}=0.879\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008 MHz) and electric-quadrupole (\ensuremath{\Vert}b\ensuremath{\Vert}=0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 MHz) (a/b>0) hyperfine constants. The results are consistent with those obtained for other D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ states in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. The observed magnetic-dipole constants for the nD3/2{\mathit{nD}}_{3/2}nD3/2​ n>7 states of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb are given to within 2% by the relation a(MHz)=252/n∗3{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{*}3}n∗3 where n∗{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{*}}n∗ is the effective principal quantum number.