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arXiv:1909.02367 · Physical Review Research

Evaporative cooling to a Rydberg crystal close to its ground state

M. Brune, D. J. Papoular

Published Apr 8, 2020• 6 citations
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Abstract

The authors theoretically analyze the evaporative cooling of a one dimensional chain of these atoms. They describe the chain thermodynamically, using a novel quasi-equilibrium distribution. They show that it may be brought close to its quantum ground state, yielding very long one dimensional crystals comprising up to one thousand atoms, in conditions favorable for experimental realization.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023014

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The authors theoretically analyze the evaporative cooling of a one dimensional chain of these atoms. They describe the chain thermodynamically, using a novel quasi-equilibrium distribution. They show that it may be brought close to its quantum ground state, yielding very long one dimensional crystals comprising up to one thousand atoms, in conditions favorable for experimental realization.
We theoretically analyze a novel evaporative cooling scheme applicable to Rydberg chains. We consider an initially thermal chain of circular Rydberg atoms confined to a one-dimensional (1D) setting in the absence of periodic potentials. We show that the evaporation of about one half of the atoms of the chain brings it near its quantum ground state, which is a 1D Rydberg crystal. We describe the scheme thermodynamically, applying the truncated Boltzmann distribution to the collective excitations of the chain, and show that it leads to a novel quasi--equilibrium many-body state. The evaporation is driven by slowly compressing the chain. For a given atom number, this process is adiabatic down to a minimal chain size. At this point, a single atom is expelled, causing the energy and entropy per particle to decrease. Then, adiabatic compression resumes. For longer chains, comprising about 100010001000 atoms, we emphasize the quasi-universality of the evaporation curve.
We have simulated the evaporative cooling of trapped atoms using a very efficient method originally introduced for the study of molecular gas dynamics. This straightforward and intuitive method allows the dynamics of the evaporative cooling process to be studied and requires fewer simplifications and assumptions than other methods. In particular, the method is not restricted to distributions close to equilibrium and therefore it can model accurately rapid forced evaporative cooling, which is an important technique for cooling trapped atoms. We present the results of simulations for forced evaporative cooling in one, two and three dimensions.
We have simulated the evaporative cooling of trapped atoms using a very efficient method originally introduced for the study of molecular gas dynamics. This straightforward and intuitive method allows the dynamics of the evaporative cooling process to be studied and requires fewer simplifications and assumptions than other methods. In particular, the method is not restricted to distributions close to equilibrium and therefore it can model accurately rapid forced evaporative cooling, which is an important technique for cooling trapped atoms. We present the results of simulations for forced evaporative cooling in one, two and three dimensions.
We theoretically investigate the evaporative cooling of cold rubidium atoms that are brought close to a solid surface. The dynamics of the atom cloud are described by coupling a dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate with a quantum Boltzmann description of the thermal cloud (the Zaremba-Nikuni-Griffin method). We have also performed experiments to allow for a detailed comparison with this model and find that it can capture the key physics of this system provided the full collisional dynamics of the thermal cloud are included. In addition, we suggest how to optimize surface cooling to obtain the purest and largest condensates.
We theoretically investigate the evaporative cooling of cold rubidium atoms that are brought close to a solid surface. The dynamics of the atom cloud are described by coupling a dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate with a quantum Boltzmann description of the thermal cloud (the Zaremba-Nikuni-Griffin method). We have also performed experiments to allow for a detailed comparison with this model and find that it can capture the key physics of this system provided the full collisional dynamics of the thermal cloud are included. In addition, we suggest how to optimize surface cooling to obtain the purest and largest condensates.
The effects of surface-induced evaporative cooling on an atom chip are investigated. The evolutions of temperature, number and phase-space density of the atom cloud are measured when the atom cloud is brought close to the surface. Rapid decrease of the temperature and number of the atoms is found when the atom-surface distance is 8 ms. It is important that the surface-induced evaporative cooling offers novel possibilities for the realization of a continuous condensation, where a spatially varying evaporative cooling is required.