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arXiv:1908.09266 · Physical Review A

Phononic entanglement concentration via optomechanical interactions

Shan‐Shan Chen, Hao Zhang, Qing Ai, Guojian Yang

Published Nov 5, 2019• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Low-dissipation, tunable coupling to other quantum systems and unique features of phonons in the aspects of propagation, detection, and other areas suggest the applications of quantized mechanical oscillators in phonon-based quantum information processing (QIP) in a way different from their photonic counterpart. In this paper, we propose a protocol of entanglement concentration for nonlocal phonons from quantized mechanical vibration. We combine the optomechanical cross-Kerr interaction with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and, by means of twice optomechanical interactions and the photon analysis with respect to the output of the interferometer, achieve ideal entanglement concentration about less-entangled nonlocal phonon Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. Our protocol is useful for preserving the entangled phonons for the use of high-quality phonon-based QIP in the future.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.052306

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Low-dissipation, tunable coupling to other quantum systems and unique features of phonons in the aspects of propagation, detection, and other areas suggest the applications of quantized mechanical oscillators in phonon-based quantum information processing (QIP) in a way different from their photonic counterpart. In this paper, we propose a protocol of entanglement concentration for nonlocal phonons from quantized mechanical vibration. We combine the optomechanical cross-Kerr interaction with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and, by means of twice optomechanical interactions and the photon analysis with respect to the output of the interferometer, achieve ideal entanglement concentration about less-entangled nonlocal phonon Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. Our protocol is useful for preserving the entangled phonons for the use of high-quality phonon-based QIP in the future.
We propose schemes of direct concurrence measurement for two-qubit phononic states from quantized mechanical vibration. By combining the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with the optomechanical cross-Kerr nonlinear effect, direct concurrence measurement schemes for two-qubit phononic entangled states are achieved with the help of photon detection with respect to the output of the interferometer. For different types of entangled states, diversified quantum devices and operations are designed accordingly. The final analysis shows reasonable performance under the current parameter conditions. Our schemes may be useful for potential phonon-based quantum computation and information in the future.
Based on photon-phonon nonlinear interaction, a scheme of controllable photon-phonon converters is proposed at single-quantum level in a composed quadratically coupled optomechanical system. With the assistance of the mechanical oscillator, the Kerr nonlinear effect between photon and phonon is enhanced so that the single-photon state can be converted into the phonon state with high fidelity even under the current experimental condition that the single-photon coupling rate is much smaller than mechanical frequency (g ≪ ωm). The state transfer protocols and their transfer fidelity are discussed analytically and numerically. A multi-path photon-phonon converter is designed by combining the optomechanical system with low frequency resonators, which can be controlled by experimentally adjustable parameters. This work provides us a potential platform for quantum state transfer and quantum information.
Entanglement had played a crucial role in developing frontier technologies as a critical resource, for instance, in quantum teleportation and quantum sensing schemes. Notably, thanks to the ability to cool down the vibrational modes of mechanical oscillators to its quantum regime, entanglement between mechanical modes and the production of nonclassical mechanical states have emerged as central resources for quantum technological applications. Thus, proposing deterministic schemes to achieve those tasks is of paramount importance. While the dominant scheme for bipartite mechanical entanglement involves Gaussian optomechanical interactions (linearized regime) to generate two-mode squeezed vacuum states, entangling two-modes exploiting the bare non-Gaussian optomechanical interaction (nonlinear strong single-photon regime) remains less covered. This work proposes an on-demand scheme to engineer phononic non-Gaussian bipartite entanglement in the nonlinear regime by exploiting cavity dissipation. Interestingly, our protocol (operating in the resolved sideband and photon blockade regime) renders the possibility of achieving a high degree of steady-state entanglement. We further show that our deterministic scheme is robust in the presence of decoherence and temperature within state-of-the-art optomechanics, along with the required conditions to obtain non-Gaussianity of the achieved bipartite mechanical steady-state.
Quantum entanglement in cavity magnomechanical system has a wide range of applications in modern quantum technologies. In this work, we propose a theoretical scheme to generate and enhance quantum entanglement through cross-Kerr nonlinearity and mechanical parametric amplification (MPA) in a magnomechanical system. Our system is made of a magnonic mode that is simultaneously driving the acoustic phononic and the center-of-mass motion (CMM) phonon in a yttrium iron garnet sphere. The acoustic mode and the center-of-mass mechanical (CMM) mode are weakly coupled via the phonon hopping rate JmJ_mJm​. Moreover, the magnonic and phononic modes interact through cross-Kerr interaction, while the phononic mode is additionally driven via a Mechanical Parametric Amplification (MPA). Without the mechanical coupling (Jm=0J_m = 0Jm​=0) and the MPA, the generation of entanglement among the subsystems requires a relatively strong effective cross-Kerr coupling. However, when phonon hopping and MPA are accounted, quantum entanglement can be generated even for weak values of the cross-Kerr coupling strength, revealing the key role of these interactions in the engineering of quantum correlations in our proposal. Furthermore, the related purity of the generated entangled states remains high for the same parameter's regime, revealing that the generated quantum entanglement is established without significantly increasing the mixing of the involved states in the system. Our work suggests how robust and stable quantum correlations can be engineered in magnomechanical structures based on nonlinear interactions. These results are useful for modern quantum applications including quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum computational tasks.
Applied Physics Optomechanical systems typically consist of a mechanical oscillator or cantilever that can be driven by the optical radiation pressure of light. The light can either amplify the motion of the cantilever or be used to reduce the amount of vibration and effectively cool it. Recent work has demonstrated cooling to the extent that the number of vibrations, or phonons, in an oscillator can be quantized, even reaching the quantum-mechanical ground. Galland et al. introduce a method to introduce a single phonon into their mechanical oscillator. Starting off in the quantum-mechanical ground, they pump the system with a laser pulse that generates an entangled phonon-photon pair. Detection of the photon then heralds that a single-phonon state has been induced into the oscillator. The ability to deterministically control the number of vibrational quanta in such an optomechanical system has important implications for the likes of quantum information processing and quantum enhanced sensing applications. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 143602 (2014).
Distributing quantum entanglement on a chip is a crucial step toward realizing scalable quantum processors. Using traveling phonons-quantized guided mechanical wave packets-as a medium to transmit quantum states is now gaining substantial attention due to their small size and low propagation speed compared to other carriers, such as electrons or photons. Moreover, phonons are highly promising candidates to connect heterogeneous quantum systems on a chip, such as microwave and optical photons for long-distance transmission of quantum states via optical fibers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of distributing quantum information using phonons by realizing quantum entanglement between two traveling phonons and creating a time-bin-encoded traveling phononic qubit. The mechanical quantum state is generated in an optomechanical cavity and then launched into a phononic waveguide in which it propagates for around 200 micrometers. We further show how the phononic, together with a photonic qubit, can be used to violate a Bell-type inequality.