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arXiv:1908.08367 · Physical Review A

Nonzero-temperature dynamics of a repulsive two-component Fermi gas

Jarosław Ryszkiewicz, Mirosław Brewczyk, Tomasz Karpiuk

Published Jan 16, 2020• 7 citations
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Abstract

We study spin-dipole oscillations of a binary fermionic mixture at nonzero temperatures. We apply the atomic-orbital method combined with a Monte Carlo technique based sampling to probe finite temperatures. Our results agree quantitatively with a recent experiment [G. Valtolina et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 704 (2017)] showing the appearance of the ferromagnetic phase at stronger repulsion between components when the temperature is increased.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.013618

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We study spin-dipole oscillations of a binary fermionic mixture at nonzero temperatures. We apply the atomic-orbital method combined with a Monte Carlo technique based sampling to probe finite temperatures. Our results agree quantitatively with a recent experiment [G. Valtolina et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 704 (2017)] showing the appearance of the ferromagnetic phase at stronger repulsion between components when the temperature is increased.
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We study a binary spin mixture of a zero-temperature repulsively interacting ^{6}Li atoms using both the atomic-orbital and density-functional approaches. The gas is initially prepared in a configuration of two magnetic domains and we determine the frequency of the spin-dipole oscillations which are emerging after the repulsive barrier, initially separating the domains, is removed. We find, in agreement with recent experiment [G. Valtolina et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 704 (2017)NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/nphys4108], the occurrence of a ferromagnetic instability in an atomic gas while the interaction strength between different spin states is increased, after which the system becomes ferromagnetic. The ferromagnetic instability is preceded by the softening of the spin-dipole mode.
Using continuous-space quantum Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the zero-temperature ferromagnetic behavior of a two-component repulsive Fermi gas under the influence of periodic potentials that describe the effect of a simple-cubic optical lattice. Simulations are performed with balanced and with imbalanced components, including the case of a single impurity immersed in a polarized Fermi sea (repulsive polaron). For an intermediate density below half filling, we locate the transitions between the paramagnetic, and the partially and fully ferromagnetic phases. As the intensity of the optical lattice increases, the ferromagnetic instability takes place at weaker interactions, indicating a possible route to observe ferromagnetism in experiments performed with ultracold atoms. We compare our findings with previous predictions based on the standard computational method used in material science, namely density functional theory, and with results based on tight-binding models.
We study a two-component mixture of fermionic dipoles in two dimensions at zero temperature, interacting via a purely repulsive 1/r31/{r}^{3}1/r3 potential. This model can be realized with ultracold atoms or molecules when their dipole moments are aligned in the confinement direction orthogonal to the plane. We characterize the unpolarized mixture by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo technique. Computing the equation of state, we identify the regime of validity for a mean-field theory based on a low-density expansion and compare our results with the hard-disk model of repulsive fermions. At high density, we address the possibility of itinerant ferromagnetism, namely, whether the ground state can be fully polarized in the fluid phase. Within the fixed-node approximation, we show that the accuracy of Jastrow-Slater trial wave functions, even with the typical two-body backflow correction, is not sufficient to resolve the relevant energy differences. By making use of the iterative-backflow improved trial wave functions, we observe no signature of a fully polarized ground state up to the freezing density.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in cold Fermi gases with repulsive interactions is studied applying the Jastrow-Slater approximation generalized to finite polarization and temperature. For two components at zero temperature, a second-order transition is found at ${\mathit{ak}}_{F}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.90$ compatible with results of quantum-Monte-Carlo (QMC) calculations. Thermodynamic functions and observables, such as the compressibility and spin susceptibility and the resulting fluctuations in number and spin, are calculated. For trapped gases, the resulting cloud radii and kinetic energies are calculated and compared to recent experiments. Spin-polarized systems are recommended for effective separation of large ferromagnetic domains. Collective modes are predicted and tricritical points are calculated for multicomponent systems.
We analyze when a repulsively interacting two-component Fermi gas becomes thermodynamically unstable against phase separation. We focus on the strongly polarized limit, where the free energy of the homogeneous mixture can be calculated accurately in terms of well-defined quasiparticles, the repulsive polarons. Phase diagrams as a function of polarization, temperature, mass imbalance, and repulsive polaron energy, as well as scattering length and range parameter, are provided. We show that the lifetime of the repulsive polaron increases significantly with the interaction range and the mass of the minority atoms, raising the prospects of detecting the transition to the elusive itinerant ferromagnetic state with ultracold atoms.