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arXiv:1908.06385 · Physical Review A

Quantum optics and moving dissipative media: A phenomenological approach

M Hoseinzadeh, Ehsan Amooghorban, Ali Mahdifar, Maryam Aghabozorgi Nafchi

Published Apr 13, 2020• 3 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we present a phenomenological quantization of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a moving absorptive and dispersive magnetodielectric slab (MDS) with uniform velocity in the direction parallel to its interface. As our main result, we use this quantization scheme to derive the quantum input-output relations for the case in which quantum states propagate perpendicularly to the moving MDS. We thoroughly investigate the impact of the motion of the moving MDS on quantum properties of the incident states. To illustrate this, we compute the quadrature squeezing and the Mandel parameter for the transmitted state when the incident states from left and right sides are, respectively, the coherent and the quantum vacuum states. We find that the quantum features of the incident state are degraded through transmission in the moving MDS in the low- and moderate-velocity ranges.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.043817

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In this paper, we present a phenomenological quantization of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a moving absorptive and dispersive magnetodielectric slab (MDS) with uniform velocity in the direction parallel to its interface. As our main result, we use this quantization scheme to derive the quantum input-output relations for the case in which quantum states propagate perpendicularly to the moving MDS. We thoroughly investigate the impact of the motion of the moving MDS on quantum properties of the incident states. To illustrate this, we compute the quadrature squeezing and the Mandel parameter for the transmitted state when the incident states from left and right sides are, respectively, the coherent and the quantum vacuum states. We find that the quantum features of the incident state are degraded through transmission in the moving MDS in the low- and moderate-velocity ranges.
In order to investigate the effect of a medium with dissipation and dispersion and also the curvature of the physical space on the properties of the incident quantum states, we use the quantization of electromagnetic field based on phenomenological approach to obtain input-output relations between radiations on both sides of dielectric slab. By using these relations the fidelity, the Wigner function, and also the quantum correlation of the outgoing state through dielectric slab are obtained for a situation in which the rightward incident state is a nonlinear coherent state on a sphere and the leftward incident state is a vacuum state. Here, the incident states are considered monochromatic and the modeling of the medium is given by the Lorentz' model. Accordingly, we study nonclassical properties of the output states such as the quantum entanglement. It will be observed that the nonclassical properties of the outgoing states depend strongly on the optical property of the medium and also on the curvature of the physical state.
Using the Green function approach to the problem of quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory, the propagation of quantized radiation through dispersive and absorptive multilayer dielectric plates is studied. Input--output relations are derived, with special emphasis on the determination of the quantum noise generators associated with the absorption of radiation inside the dielectric matter. The input--output relations are used to express arbitrary correlation functions of the outgoing field in terms of correlation functions of the incoming field and those of the noise generators. To illustrate the theory, the effect of a single-slab plate on the mean photon-number densities in the frequency domain is discussed in more detail.
We apply a recently developed scheme for electromagnetic field quantization in dispersive and absorbing dielectrics to calculate the effects of perpendicular propagation through a finite-temperature dielectric slab on the properties of an incident pulse of light. The theory applies to incident pulses of nonclassical light and also reproduces the results for classical pulses in the appropriate limit. The transmitted pulse is assumed to be measured by a detector that receives radiation only from the direction normal to the slab surfaces. The Poynting vector of the transmitted light includes contributions from the incident pulse, whose shift in peak position and additional broadening or narrowing are determined, and from the thermal emission of the slab, which tends to a black-body form in the appropriate limits.
Here, we present a new method for description of the propagation of light in bounded media. Our approach is based on the property of photon Green functions to split up into parts corresponding to medium- and vacuum-induced contributions to the field–field fluctuations. Our results apply independently of specific optical properties or geometrical shapes of the matter for arbitrary nonequilibrium situations. As an example, the transmission of an optical field in a squeezed vacuum through a semiconductor slab is discussed and a comparison of the present approach with the input–output formalism is given.
Using the Green-function approach to the problem of quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell theory, the propagation of quantized radiation through dispersive and absorptive multilayer dielectric plates is studied. Input-output relations are derived, with special emphasis on the determination of the quantum noise generators associated with the absorption of radiation inside the dielectric matter. The input-output relations are used to express arbitrary correlation functions of the outgoing field in terms of correlation functions of the incoming field and those of the noise generators. To illustrate the theory, photons at dielectric tunneling barriers are considered. It is shown that inclusion in the calculations of losses in the photonic band gaps may substantially change the barrier traversal times. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.