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arXiv:1908.03727 · Physical Review A

Multiphonon interactions between nitrogen-vacancy centers and nanomechanical resonators

Xing‐Liang Dong, Fuli Li

Published Oct 18, 2019• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the multiphonon interactions in a hybrid system composed of a nitrogen-vacancy center and a mechanical resonator. We show that, through appropriate sideband engineering analogy to the Mollow or Lamb-Dicke dynamics, the enhanced nonlinear interactions can dominate the coupled system. As an example, we show the preparation of nonclassical states of the mechanical motion and explore the quantum correlation of $n$-phonon bundles with the engineered dissipation, based on the large multiphonon coupling strength attainable in this sideband structure. This work may take full advantage of the structure and coherence features of defect centers in diamond and may be useful for quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.043825

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We investigate the multiphonon interactions in a hybrid system composed of a nitrogen-vacancy center and a mechanical resonator. We show that, through appropriate sideband engineering analogy to the Mollow or Lamb-Dicke dynamics, the enhanced nonlinear interactions can dominate the coupled system. As an example, we show the preparation of nonclassical states of the mechanical motion and explore the quantum correlation of nnn-phonon bundles with the engineered dissipation, based on the large multiphonon coupling strength attainable in this sideband structure. This work may take full advantage of the structure and coherence features of defect centers in diamond and may be useful for quantum information processing.
We study the resonant optical transitions of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center that is coherently dressed by a strong mechanical drive. Using a gigahertz-frequency diamond mechanical resonator that is strain coupled to a NV center's orbital states, we demonstrate coherent Raman sidebands out to the ninth order and orbital-phonon interactions that mix the two excited-state orbital branches. These interactions are spectroscopically revealed through a multiphonon Rabi splitting of the orbital branches which scales as a function of resonator driving amplitude and is successfully reproduced in a quantum model. Finally, we discuss the application of mechanical driving to engineering NV-center orbital states.
With the great improvement of nanotechnology, it is now possible to fabricate mechanical resonator with dimension on a micro and even nanometer scale.Because of its high vibration frequency, quality factor, very small mass, and low intrinsic dissipation, nanomechanical resonator has important applications in the field of high-precision displacement detection, force detection, mass measurement, and accurate quantum computation.Mechanical resonator is also a promising candidate for observing quantum effects in macroscopic objects.By coupling nanomechanical resonator to other solid-state system such as optical cavity, microwave cavity, nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) and superconducting qubits, researchers have successfully cooled the mechanical resonator to its quantum ground state, which paves the way for observing nonclassical states in resonator such as superposition state and Fock state.On the other hand, the nitrogenvacancy center in diamond has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of long coherence time at room temperature, the ability to implement initialization and readout, and microwave control.Moreover, these NV centers can be used to detect weak magnetic field and electric field at room temperature.By using both laser field and microwave field, one can implement the manipulation, storage, and readout of the quantum information.In addition, because NV centers couple to both optical field and microwave field, they can also be used as a quantum interface between optical system and solid-state system.This provides a promising platform to study novel quantum phenomena based on NV centers separated by long distances.The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond coupled to nanomechanical resonator can be used in precision measurement and quantum information processing, which has become a hot research topic.In this paper, we study the dynamics of quadrature squeezing of the phonon field in the system consisting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to both cavity field and mechanical resonator.The effects of initial state of nitrogen-vacancy center and the coupling strength between nitrogen-vacancy center and mechanical resonator on the quadrature squeezing of the phonon field are analyzed.It is shown that the phonon field squeezed state with longtime and high-degree can be generated.The physical reason is that the mechanical resonator has the largest coherence.Moreover, the non-classical property of quadrature squeezing of mechanical resonator can be achieved by manipulating the initial state of nitrogen-vacancy center and magnetic field gradient.The proposal may provide a theoretical way to control and manipulate the quadrature squeezing of the phonon field.The results obtained here may have great significance and applications in the field of quantum information processing and precision measurement.
Research into hybrid quantum systems is of great interest for quantum information processing; however, a key challenge is finding a controlled interface between a superconducting circuit and a lone solid-state qubit. The authors design a coherent quantum interface between a microwave cavity and a single nitrogen-vacancy center in a mechanical resonator made of diamond. Here the coupling between the quantized motion of the diamond beam and the cavity photons is due to dielectric interaction, not the traditional capacitive coupling, and is scalable to large arrays of resonators for e.g. a memory chip.
Solid-state color centers embedded into mechanical resonators, where orbital states mediate interactions between spins and long-lived phonons, are a promising platform for hybrid quantum systems. The negatively charged silicon vacancy center in diamond (SiV-) is particularly favorable for strain-coupling to nanomechanical resonators because of its large spin-strain susceptibility and compatibility with device integration. Tensioned nanomechanical resonators offer an attractive route due to their ultra-long mechanical coherence times enabled by diluting defect-induced dissipation, though it is unclear if the same dilution effect undermines strain-mediated coupling to material defect centers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a tensioned diamond nanobeam platform that enables enhanced strain coupling to SiV- orbital states. Through monitoring the optical response of the SiVs to the static and dynamical strain of the mechanical resonator, we observe that dynamical strain localizes near the clamps of these resonators under static strain. This allows us to enhance SiV-mechanical coupling and the mechanical coherence simultaneously, and provide a SiV-strain sensitivity with greatly improved accuracy over previous literature values. Thus, our work opens a pathway towards seconds-long coherence hybrid quantum systems utilizing point defects in diamond nanomechanics for quantum information processing.
Abstract Mechanical entanglement serves as the crucial resource in quantum information processing. In this scheme, we investigate mechanical entanglement via reservoir engineering in a highly unresolved-sideband optomechanical system assisted by two nitrogen vacancy centers ensembles (NVEs). We demonstrate that strong mechanical entanglement can be generated under appropriate system parameters even in the highly unresolved-sideband regime. Notably, mechanical entanglement emerges only in the resolved-sideband regime without NVEs, while it arises even in the highly unresolved-sideband regime upon coupling with the NVEs. This enhancement stems from the two NVEs effectively suppressing undesirable counter-rotating terms through destructive quantum interference. Meanwhile, a small frequency difference between two mechanical oscillators can enhance mechanical entanglement. Our scheme mitigates the stringent parameter requirements imposed on hybrid optomechanical systems in experimental settings and offers a novel approach for generating strong entanglement in solid-state quantum information processing.
We propose an efficient scheme for preparing entangled states between two separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a spin-mechanical system via a dissipative quantum dynamical process. The proposal actively exploits the nanomechanical resonator (NAMR) damping to drive the NV centers to the target state through a quantum reservoir engineering approach. The distinct features of the present work are that we turn the detrimental source of noise into a resource and only need high-frequency low-Q mechanical resonators, which make our scheme more simple and feasible in experimental implementation. This protocol may have interesting applications in quantum information processing with spin-mechanical systems.