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arXiv:1907.10693 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Quantum criticality of the transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions on triangular-lattice cylinders

Jan Alexander Koziol, Sebastian Fey, Sebastian C. Kapfer, Kai Phillip Schmidt

Published Oct 7, 2019• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

To gain a better understanding of the interplay between frustrated long-range interactions and zero-temperature quantum fluctuations, we investigate the ground-state phase diagram of the transverse-field Ising model with algebraically decaying long-range Ising interactions on quasi-one-dimensional infinite-cylinder triangular lattices. Technically, we apply various approaches including low- and high-field series expansions. For the classical long-range Ising model, we investigate cylinders with an arbitrary even circumference. We show the occurrence of gapped stripe-ordered phases emerging out of the infinitely degenerate nearest-neighbor Ising ground-state space on the two-dimensional triangular lattice. Further, while cylinders with circumferences 6, 10, 14, etc., are always in the same stripe phase for any decay exponent of the long-range Ising interaction, the family of cylinders with circumferences 4, 8, 12, etc., displays a phase transition between two different types of stripe structures. For the full long-range transverse-field Ising model, we concentrate on cylinders with circumference four and six. The ground-state phase diagram consists of several quantum phases in both cases including an $x$-polarized phase, stripe-ordered phases, and clock-ordered phases which emerge from an order-by-disorder scenario already present in the nearest-neighbor model. In addition, the generic presence of a potential intermediate gapless phase with algebraic correlations and associated Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions is discussed for both cylinders.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.100.144411

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To gain a better understanding of the interplay between frustrated long-range interactions and zero-temperature quantum fluctuations, we investigate the ground-state phase diagram of the transverse-field Ising model with algebraically decaying long-range Ising interactions on quasi-one-dimensional infinite-cylinder triangular lattices. Technically, we apply various approaches including low- and high-field series expansions. For the classical long-range Ising model, we investigate cylinders with an arbitrary even circumference. We show the occurrence of gapped stripe-ordered phases emerging out of the infinitely degenerate nearest-neighbor Ising ground-state space on the two-dimensional triangular lattice. Further, while cylinders with circumferences 6, 10, 14, etc., are always in the same stripe phase for any decay exponent of the long-range Ising interaction, the family of cylinders with circumferences 4, 8, 12, etc., displays a phase transition between two different types of stripe structures. For the full long-range transverse-field Ising model, we concentrate on cylinders with circumference four and six. The ground-state phase diagram consists of several quantum phases in both cases including an xxx-polarized phase, stripe-ordered phases, and clock-ordered phases which emerge from an order-by-disorder scenario already present in the nearest-neighbor model. In addition, the generic presence of a potential intermediate gapless phase with algebraic correlations and associated Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions is discussed for both cylinders.
Obtaining quantitative ground-state behavior for geometrically-frustrated quantum magnets with long-range interactions is challenging for numerical methods. Here, we demonstrate that the ground states of these systems on two-dimensional lattices can be efficiently obtained using state-of-the-art translation-invariant variants of matrix product states and density-matrix renormalization-group algorithms. We use these methods to calculate the fully-quantitative ground-state phase diagram of the long-range interacting triangular Ising model with a transverse field on six-leg infinite-length cylinders and scrutinize the properties of the detected phases. We compare these results with those of the corresponding nearest neighbor model. Our results suggest that, for such long-range Hamiltonians, the long-range quantum fluctuations always lead to long-range correlations, where correlators exhibit power-law decays instead of the conventional exponential drops observed for short-range correlated gapped phases. Our results are relevant for comparisons with recent ion-trap quantum simulator experiments that demonstrate highly-controllable long-range spin couplings for several hundred ions.
We study the low-field ground-state (GS) properties of the antiferromagnetic transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions (afLRTFIM) on the triangular lattice. We use the method of perturbative continuous unitary transformations (pCUT) to derive an effective model for the degenerate GS space of the antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbour (NN) Ising model on a finite system, by treating the transverse-field (TF) and the long-range interactions (LRI) as a perturbation. We determine a level-crossing between the gapped plain stripe phase at small TF and the gapped clock-ordered phase at intermediate TF at hc≅0.129 for α=6, N=36 spins in order three perturbation theory on the finite system. We discuss the qualitative layout of the quantum phase diagram of the afLRTFIM on the triangular lattice.
We study the critical breakdown of two-dimensional quantum magnets in the presence of algebraically decaying long-range interactions by investigating the transverse-field Ising model on the square and triangular lattice. This is achieved technically by combining perturbative continuous unitary transformations with classical Monte Carlo simulations to extract high-order series for the one-particle excitations in the high-field quantum paramagnet. We find that the unfrustrated systems change from mean-field to nearest-neighbor universality with continuously varying critical exponents. In the frustrated case on the square lattice the system remains in the universality class of the nearest-neighbor model independent of the long-range nature of the interaction, while we argue that the quantum criticality for the triangular lattice is terminated by a first-order phase transition line.
Motivated by recent experiments with a Penning ion trap quantum simulator, we perform numerically exact Stochastic Series Expansion quantum Monte Carlo simulations of long-range transverse-field Ising models on a triangular lattice for different decay powers $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of the interactions. The phase boundary for the ferromagnet is obtained as a function of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. For antiferromagnetic interactions, there is strong indication that the transverse field stabilizes a clock ordered phase with sublattice magnetization $(M,\ensuremath{-}\frac{M}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{M}{2})$ with unsaturated M<1M<1M<1 in a process known as ``order by disorder'' similar to the nearest-neighbor antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice. Connecting the known limiting cases of nearest-neighbor and infinite-range interactions, a semiquantitative phase diagram is obtained. Magnetization curves for the ferromagnet for experimentally relevant system sizes and with open boundary conditions are presented.
The quantum-critical properties of the transverse-field Ising model with algebraically decaying interactions are investigated by means of stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo, on both the one-dimensional linear chain and the two-dimensional square lattice. We extract the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ as a function of the decay exponent of the long-range interactions. For ferromagnetic Ising interactions, we resolve the limiting regimes known from field theory, ranging from the nearest-neighbor Ising to the long-range Gaussian universality classes, as well as the intermediate regime with continuously varying critical exponents. In the long-range Gaussian regime, we treat the effect of dangerous irrelevant variables on finite-size scaling forms. For antiferromagnetic and therefore competing Ising interactions, the stochastic series expansion algorithm displays growing autocorrelation times leading to a reduced performance. Nevertheless, our results are consistent with the nearest-neighbor Ising universality for all investigated interaction ranges both on the linear chain and the square lattice.
We investigate the quantum phase diagram of the J 1 − J 2 − J 3 antiferromagnetic transverse-field Ising model on the ruby lattice. In the low-field limit we derive an effective quantum dimer model, analyzing how the extensive ground-state degeneracy at zero field is lifted by an order-by-disorder scenario. We support our analysis by studying the gap closing of the high-field phase using series expansions. For J 2 > J 3 , we find a columnar phase at low fields, followed by a clock-ordered phase stabilized by resonating plaquettes at intermediate field values, and an emergent three-dimensional (3D)-XY quantum phase transition to the polarized high-field phase. For J 3 > J 2 , an order-by-disorder mechanism stabilizes a distinct k = ( 0 , 0 ) order and a quantum phase transition in the 3D-Ising universality class is observed. Further, we discuss the possible implementation of the columnar- and clock-ordered phase in existing Rydberg atom quantum simulators. When taking into account the full algebraically decaying long-range interactions on the ruby lattice, we find that long-range interactions favor the same ground state as the quantum fluctuations induced by a transverse field, which could make the ruby lattice a promising candidate for the realization of a clock-ordered phase. Published by the American Physical Society 2024