Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1907.08994

Answers to a few questions regarding the BMV experiment

Chiara Marletto, Vlatko Vedral

Published Jul 21, 2019• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We provide brief answers to a number of recurring questions about the BMV effect and the related experimental proposal (Bose et al., 2017; Marletto and Vedral, 2017). Some of these questions include alleged counter-examples to our result, stating that if gravity (or anything mediating the interaction) can create entanglement while complying with locality, then it must then be non-classical. Here we explain why these objections are not counter-examples and why our result still stands; we also explore a few other important subtleties often disregarded on a first read of our paper (Marletto and Vedral, 2017).

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1907.08994

Related papers

On the Role of Locality in the Bose-Marletto-Vedral Effect

Giuseppe Di Pietra, Vlatko Vedral, Chiara Marletto

Two of us recently proposed an entanglement-based witness of non-classicality, which can be applied to testing quantum effects in gravity in what is known as the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) effect. The witness is based on this idea: if a system can create entanglement between two quantum probes by local means only, then it must be non-classical. In this note we discuss the role of locality as an assumption for the theorem supporting the witness; we also discuss other related notions of locality and comment on their mutual relations.

arXiv:2411.01285•Routledge eBooks•Oct 29, 2025•0 citations

Rigorous Numerical Simulation of Gravity-Induced Quantum Entanglement in Macromolecules: Feasibility Analysis of the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) Protocol

Luigi Usai

Testing version 1. Work in progress.

•Jul 16, 2026•0 citations

Rigorous Numerical Simulation of Gravity-Induced Quantum Entanglement in Macromolecules Feasibility Analysis of the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) Protocol

Luigi Usai

•Jul 5, 2026•0 citations

Do small massive superpositions necessarily significantly entangle with gravity?

Adrian Kent

Christodoulou and Rovelli (CR) [1] have argued that a Bose et al.-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) experiment that confirmed the quantum nature of gravity would give laboratory evidence for a quantum superposition of spacetime geometries created in the course of the experiment. Hanif et al. [2] have argued that mass interferometers can be used to test whether gravity acts as a quantum entity when measured. We note that not all quantum models of gravity imply that mass superpositions necessarily become significantly entangled with any degrees of freedom of the gravitational field during the experiments discussed.

arXiv:2405.20506•May 30, 2024•0 citations

What gravity mediated entanglement can really tell us about quantum gravity

Eduardo Martín-Martínez, Tales Rick Perche

We revisit the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) tabletop experimental proposal---which aims to witness quantum gravity using gravity-mediated entanglement---analyzing the role of locality in the experiment. We first carry out a fully quantum modeling of the interaction of matter and gravity and then show in what way gravity-mediated entanglement in the BMV experiment could be accounted for without appealing to quantum degrees of freedom of the gravitational field. We discuss what assumptions are needed in order to interpret the current BMV experiment proposals as a proof of quantum gravity, and also identify the modifications that a BMV-like experiment could have in order to serve as proof of quantum gravity without having to assume the existence of local mediators in the gravitational field.

arXiv:2208.09489•Physical review. D/Physical review. D.•Nov 16, 2023•41 citations

Bose-Marletto-Vedral experiment without observable spacetime superpositions

Nicetu Tibau Vidal, Chiara Marletto, Vlatko Vedral +1 more

Reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity remains one of the most profound challenges in modern physics. The BMV (Bose-Marletto-Vedral) experiment can assess the quantum nature of gravity by testing whether gravitational interactions can generate entanglement between quantum systems. In this work, we show that entanglement can be generated by gravity without requiring spacetime superpositions or quantum spacetime degrees of freedom by using mediators that do not satisfy the usual property of local tomography when coupling to quantum matter. Specifically, we showcase how entanglement can be generated using three distinct toy models that display non-locally tomographic couplings between quantum matter and a locally classical gravitational mediator. These models include (i) fermionic systems with the parity superselection rule, (ii) non-Abelian anyonic systems, and (iii) a novel bit anti-bit model. Our results demonstrate a crucial point: a gravitational mediator which does not exhibit superpositions of its classical basis but still qualifies as non-classical via non-locally tomographic coupling mechanisms can generate entanglement through local interactions. This work also underscores the importance of relaxing local tomography in exploring the quantum-gravitational interface. It provides a novel perspective on the role of spacetime degrees of freedom in entanglement generation through local interactions.

arXiv:2506.21122•Jun 26, 2025•0 citations
We provide brief answers to a number of recurring questions about the BMV effect and the related experimental proposal (Bose et al., 2017; Marletto and Vedral, 2017). Some of these questions include alleged counter-examples to our result, stating that if gravity (or anything mediating the interaction) can create entanglement while complying with locality, then it must then be non-classical. Here we explain why these objections are not counter-examples and why our result still stands; we also explore a few other important subtleties often disregarded on a first read of our paper (Marletto and Vedral, 2017).
Two of us recently proposed an entanglement-based witness of non-classicality, which can be applied to testing quantum effects in gravity in what is known as the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) effect. The witness is based on this idea: if a system can create entanglement between two quantum probes by local means only, then it must be non-classical. In this note we discuss the role of locality as an assumption for the theorem supporting the witness; we also discuss other related notions of locality and comment on their mutual relations.
Christodoulou and Rovelli (CR) [1] have argued that a Bose et al.-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) experiment that confirmed the quantum nature of gravity would give laboratory evidence for a quantum superposition of spacetime geometries created in the course of the experiment. Hanif et al. [2] have argued that mass interferometers can be used to test whether gravity acts as a quantum entity when measured. We note that not all quantum models of gravity imply that mass superpositions necessarily become significantly entangled with any degrees of freedom of the gravitational field during the experiments discussed.
We revisit the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) tabletop experimental proposal---which aims to witness quantum gravity using gravity-mediated entanglement---analyzing the role of locality in the experiment. We first carry out a fully quantum modeling of the interaction of matter and gravity and then show in what way gravity-mediated entanglement in the BMV experiment could be accounted for without appealing to quantum degrees of freedom of the gravitational field. We discuss what assumptions are needed in order to interpret the current BMV experiment proposals as a proof of quantum gravity, and also identify the modifications that a BMV-like experiment could have in order to serve as proof of quantum gravity without having to assume the existence of local mediators in the gravitational field.
Reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity remains one of the most profound challenges in modern physics. The BMV (Bose-Marletto-Vedral) experiment can assess the quantum nature of gravity by testing whether gravitational interactions can generate entanglement between quantum systems. In this work, we show that entanglement can be generated by gravity without requiring spacetime superpositions or quantum spacetime degrees of freedom by using mediators that do not satisfy the usual property of local tomography when coupling to quantum matter. Specifically, we showcase how entanglement can be generated using three distinct toy models that display non-locally tomographic couplings between quantum matter and a locally classical gravitational mediator. These models include (i) fermionic systems with the parity superselection rule, (ii) non-Abelian anyonic systems, and (iii) a novel bit anti-bit model. Our results demonstrate a crucial point: a gravitational mediator which does not exhibit superpositions of its classical basis but still qualifies as non-classical via non-locally tomographic coupling mechanisms can generate entanglement through local interactions. This work also underscores the importance of relaxing local tomography in exploring the quantum-gravitational interface. It provides a novel perspective on the role of spacetime degrees of freedom in entanglement generation through local interactions.