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arXiv:1907.06914 · Quantum Information and Computation

Persistent homology analysis of multiqubit entanglement

Ricardo Mengoni, Alessandra Di Pierro, Leleh Memarzadeh, Stefano Mancini

Published May 1, 2020• 5 citations
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Abstract

We introduce a homology-based technique for the classification of multiqubit state vectors with genuine entanglement. In our approach, we associate state vectors to data sets by introducing a metric-like measure in terms of bipartite entanglement, and investigate the persistence of homologies at different scales. This leads to a novel classification of multiqubit entanglement. The relative occurrence frequency of various classes of entangled states is also shown.

DOI
10.26421/qic20.5-6-2

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We introduce a homology-based technique for the classification of multiqubit state vectors with genuine entanglement. In our approach, we associate state vectors to data sets by introducing a metric-like measure in terms of bipartite entanglement, and investigate the persistence of homologies at different scales. This leads to a novel classification of multiqubit entanglement. The relative occurrence frequency of various classes of entangled states is also shown.
The problems of genuine multipartite entanglement detection and classification are challenging. We show that a multipartite quantum state is genuine multipartite entangled if the multipartite concurrence is larger than certain quantities given by the number and the dimension of the subsystems. This result also provides a classification of various genuine multipartite entanglements. We present a lower bound of the multipartite concurrence in terms of bipartite concurrences. While various operational approaches are available for providing lower bounds of bipartite concurrences, our results give an effective operational way to detect and classify genuine multipartite entanglement. As applications, genuine multipartite entanglement of tripartite systems is analyzed in detail.
We introduce "quantum barcodes," a theoretical framework that applies persistent homology to classify topological phases in quantum many-body systems. By mapping quantum states to classical data points through strategic observable measurements, we create a "quantum state cloud" analyzable via persistent homology techniques. Our framework establishes that quantum systems in the same topological phase exhibit consistent barcode representations with shared persistent homology groups over characteristic intervals. We prove that quantum phase transitions manifest as significant changes in these persistent homology features, detectable through discontinuities in the persistent Dirac operator spectrum. Using the SSH model as a demonstrative example, we show how our approach successfully identifies the topological phase transition and distinguishes between trivial and topological phases. While primarily developed for symmetry-protected topological phases, our framework provides a mathematical connection between persistent homology and quantum topology, offering new methods for phase classification that complement traditional invariant-based approaches.
Quantum entanglement in multipartite systems cannot be shared freely. In order to illuminate basic rules of entanglement sharing between qubits, we introduce a concept of an entangled structure (graph) such that each qubit of a multipartite system is associated with a point (vertex), while a bipartite entanglement between two specific qubits is represented by a connection (edge) between these points. We prove that any such entangled structure can be associated with a pure state of a multiqubit system. Moreover, we show that a pure state corresponding to a given entangled structure is a superposition of vectors from a subspace of the 2N{2}^{N}2N-dimensional Hilbert space, whose dimension grows linearly with the number of entangled pairs.