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arXiv:1907.05988 · Anais de XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais

ND-Wavelets Derived from Anti-symmetric Systems of Isolated Particles using the Determinant of Slater

H. M. de Oliveira, Victor Vermehren Valenzuela

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Wavelets are known to be closely related to atomic orbital. A new approach of 2D, 3D and multidimensional wavelet system is proposed from a paralell with anti-symmetric systems of several isolated particles. The theory of fermionic states is used to generate new \textit{n}-dimensions wavelets, $n\ge2$, by the determinant of Slater. As pioneering paper in exchanging formalism between particle wave-functions and wavelets, it opens some perspectives for further adaptations derived from the physics of particles in the wavelet analysis scope.

DOI
10.14209/sbrt.2019.1570556321

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Wavelets are known to be closely related to atomic orbital. A new approach of 2D, 3D and multidimensional wavelet system is proposed from a paralell with anti-symmetric systems of several isolated particles. The theory of fermionic states is used to generate new \textit{n}-dimensions wavelets, n≥2n\ge2n≥2, by the determinant of Slater. As pioneering paper in exchanging formalism between particle wave-functions and wavelets, it opens some perspectives for further adaptations derived from the physics of particles in the wavelet analysis scope.
We demonstrated in the previous chapter (Chapter 1) that the evaluation of matrix elements between states represented by the Slater determinant can be evaluated unambiguously using Slater’s rule [1, 28, 40]. While the determinantal representation and the evaluation matrix elements between the states are quite straightforward, this procedure can eventually be ineffective and cumbersome with increasing size of the system. The occupation number formalism or second quantization technique introduced by Dirac in quantum field theory, in this context has been found to be quite formidable and elegant. This formalism not only allows us to represent the states and the operators in a compact and convenient form but also enables us to deal with systems containing variable numbers of particles without explicitly specifying the number of particles. It implicitly assumes the existence of an unspecified number of functions in a single-particle basis. These one-particle functions, which constitute the Hilbert space for N particles, are generally chosen to be spinorbital because of their orthogonality. In the case of fermions, the many-particle basis is the anti-symmetric product of N one-particle basis functions (Slater determinant). The vector space consisting of all possible anti-symmetric Hilbert spaces is referred to as the Fock space, in which the operators and functions are represented without specifying the number of particles.
The basic question is addressed of how the space dimension ddd is encoded in the Hilbert space of NNN identical fermions. There appears a finite number $N{!}^{d\ensuremath{-}1}$ of many-body wave functions, called shapes, which cannot be generated by trivial combinatorial extension of the one-dimensional ones. A general algorithm is given to list them all in terms of standard Slater determinants. Conversely, excitations which can be induced from the one-dimensional case are bosonized into a system of distinguishable bosons, called Euler bosons, much like the electromagnetic field is quantized in terms of photons distinguishable by their wave numbers. Their wave functions are given explicitly in terms of elementary symmetric functions, reflecting the fact that the fermion sign problem is trivial in one dimension. The shapes act as vacua for the Euler bosons. They are the natural generalization of the single-Slater-determinant form for the ground state to more than one dimension. In terms of algebraic invariant theory, the shapes are antisymmetric invariants which finitely generate the NNN-fermion Hilbert space as a graded algebra over the ring of symmetric polynomials. Analogous results hold for identical bosons.
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We study the optimal Slater-determinant approximation of an NNN-fermion wave function analytically. That is, we seek the Slater-determinant (constructed out of NNN orthonormal single-particle orbitals) wave function having largest overlap with a given NNN-fermion wave function. Some simple lemmas have been established and their usefulness is demonstrated on some structured states, such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. In the simplest nontrivial case of three fermions in six orbitals, which the celebrated Borland-Dennis discovery is about, the optimal Slater approximation wave function is proven to be built out of the natural orbitals in an interesting way. We also show that the Hadamard inequality is useful for finding the optimal Slater approximation of some special target wave functions.
Since Kato proved his singularity condition for Coulomb potentials in 1957, there has been interest in the creation of wave functions that meet the prescriptions of the cusp conditions, necessary for high-precision quantum-mechanical calculations. It is well known, that wave-function expansions based on Slater determinants of one-electron functions are poorly convergent with respect to satisfying the electron-electron cusp condition. In this contribution we show that with the wavelet expansion of density operators even the local form of the electron-electron cusp condition is easily representable by Slater determinants of one-electron wavelet functions with a proper asymptotics of the expansion coefficients, which is explicitly calculated for Haar wavelets.
In the field of atomic and solid state physics, wavelet analysis has been applied so far in three different directions: (i) time-frequency analysis of harmonic generation in laser-atom interactions; (ii) ab initio electronic structure calculations in atoms and molecules; and (iii) construction of localized bases for the lowest Landau level of a 2-D electron gas submitted to a strong magnetic field. We survey these three types of applications, with more emphasis on methods than on precise results. Introduction There are two ways in which wavelets could play a role in atomic physics and possibly in solid state physics. First one may envisage them as physical objects , namely quantum states or wave functions. It is commonplace to remark that coherent states (CS) have a privileged role in atomic physics. Laser-atom interactions, revival phenomena, Rydberg wave packets and various semi-classical situations are all instances in which a coherent state description is clearly well-adapted. Of course, what is implied here are canonical CS, associated to the harmonic oscillator or the electromagnetic field [36]. But wavelets are also coherent states, namely those associated to the affine groups in various space dimensions, as we have seen in Chapter 2 (see [1] for a review on coherent states). Thus wavelets could well be thought of as convenient substitutes for canonical CS. However, this suggestion is still speculative at the present moment, very little has been achieved in this direction.