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arXiv:1906.11108 · Laser Physics Letters

Stable controllable giant vortex in a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate

S K Adhikari

Published Jul 12, 2019• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In a harmonically-trapped rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), a vortex of large angular momentum decays to multiple vortices of unit angular momentum from an energetic consideration. We demonstrate the formation of a robust and dynamically stable giant vortex of large angular momentum in a harmonically trapped rotating BEC with a potential hill at the center, thus forming a Mexican hat like trapping potential. For a small inter-atomic interaction strength, a highly controllable stable giant vortex appears, whose angular momentum slowly increases as the angular frequency of rotation is increased. As the inter-atomic interaction strength is increased beyond a critical value, only vortices of unit angular momentum are formed, unless the strength of the potential hill at the center is also increased: for a stronger potential hill at the center a giant vortex is again formed. The dynamical stability of the giant vortex is demonstrated by real-time propagation numerically. These giant vortices of large angular momentum can be observed and studied experimentally in a highly controlled fashion.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ab2d2c

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Abstract In a harmonically-trapped rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), a vortex of large angular momentum decays to multiple vortices of unit angular momentum from an energetic consideration. We demonstrate the formation of a robust and dynamically stable giant vortex of large angular momentum in a harmonically trapped rotating BEC with a potential hill at the center, thus forming a Mexican hat like trapping potential. For a small inter-atomic interaction strength, a highly controllable stable giant vortex appears, whose angular momentum slowly increases as the angular frequency of rotation is increased. As the inter-atomic interaction strength is increased beyond a critical value, only vortices of unit angular momentum are formed, unless the strength of the potential hill at the center is also increased: for a stronger potential hill at the center a giant vortex is again formed. The dynamical stability of the giant vortex is demonstrated by real-time propagation numerically. These giant vortices of large angular momentum can be observed and studied experimentally in a highly controlled fashion.
We study a rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) trapped in a shifted harmonic oscillator and Mexican Hat trap, which approximates the potential of a bubble trap potential in some situations.We determined the vortices configurations that appears in this system by varying the interaction and angular momentum of the atomic cloud.The system phase diagram has the macrovortex configurations for small values of the interaction parameter.The charge of the central vortex increases with increasing rotation.Higher values of the atomic interaction turns the macrovortex unstable.It decays into multiple single-charged vortices that arrange themselves in a lattice.Since the vortices are not always visible in the absorption images, we look for alternative methods to characterize the vortex configuration.More specifically, we search for experimental signatures to determine the transitions in the phase diagram.For that, we study how the BEC's velocity field affects the collective modes of the condensate.The splitting of the modes degenerescence and the increase in the mode frequency with angular velocity, which can be traced to a reduction in the gas compressibility, can be seen as an indirect signature of the presence of the vortices in the trapped BEC.
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We have studied the ground state configurations of a rotating Bose—Einstein condensation in a toroidal trap as the radius of the central Gaussian potential expands adiabatically. Firstly, we observe that the vortices are devoured successively into the central hole of the condensate to form a giant vortex as the radius of the trap expands. When all the pre-existing vortices are absorbed, the angular momentum of the system still increase as the radius of the gaussian potential enlarges. When increasing the interaction strength, we find that more singly quantized vortices are squeezed into the condensate, but the giant vortex does not change.
We consider a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined in combined harmonic and quartic traps, following recent experiments [V. Bretin, S. Stock, Y. Seurin, and J. Dalibard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 050403 (2004)]. We investigate numerically the behavior of the wave function which solves the three-dimensional Gross Pitaevskii equation and analyze in detail the structure of vortices. For a quartic-plus-harmonic potential, as the angular velocity increases, the vortex lattice evolves into a vortex array with hole. The merging of vortices into the hole is highly three dimensional, starting from the top and bottom of the condensate to reach the center. We also investigate the case of a quartic-minus-harmonic potential, not covered by experiments or previous numerical works. For intermediate repulsive potentials, we show that the transition to a vortex array with hole takes place for lower angular velocities, when the lattice is made up of a small number of vortices. For the strong repulsive case, a transition from a giant vortex to a hole with a circle of vortices around is observed.
We study a rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) trapped in a shifted harmonic oscillator and Mexican Hat trap, which approximates the potential of a bubble trap potential in some situations. We determined the vortices configurations that appears in this system by varying the interaction and angular momentum of the atomic cloud. The system phase diagram has the macrovortex configurations for small values of the interaction parameter. The charge of the central vortex increases with increasing rotation. Higher values of the atomic interaction turns the macrovortex unstable. It decays into multiple single-charged vortices that arrange themselves in a lattice. Since the vortices are not always visible in the absorption images, we look for alternative methods to characterize the vortex configuration. More specifically, we search for experimental signatures to determine the transitions in the phase diagram. For that, we study how the BECs velocity field affects the collective modes of the condensate. The splitting of the modes degenerescence and the increase in the mode frequency with angular velocity, which can be traced to a reduction in the gas compressibility, can be seen as an indirect signature of the presence of the vortices in the trapped BEC.
Abstract We study three-dimensional vortex lattice structures in purely dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). By using the mean-field approximation, we obtain a stability diagram for the vortex states in purely dipolar BECs as a function of harmonic trap aspect ratio ( λ ) and dipole–dipole interaction strength ( D ) under rotation. Rotating the condensate within the unstable region leads to collapse while in the stable region furnishes stable vortex lattices of dipolar BECs. We analyse stable vortex lattice structures by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Further, the stability of vortex states is examined by evolution in real-time. We also investigate the distribution of vortices in a fully anisotropic trap by increasing eccentricity of the external trapping potential. We observe the breaking up of the condensate in two parts with an equal number of vortices on each when the trap is sufficiently weak, and the rotation frequency is high.