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arXiv:1906.00678 · npj Quantum Information

Quantum simulations with multiphoton Fock states

T. J. Sturges, Thomas C. McDermott, A. Buraczewski, W. R. Clements, J. J. Renema, S. W. Nam, T. Gerrits, A. Lita, W. S. Kolthammer, A. Eckstein, Ian A. Walmsley, M. Stobińska

Published Jun 3, 2021• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Quantum simulations are becoming an essential tool for studying complex phenomena, e.g. quantum topology, quantum information transfer and relativistic wave equations, beyond the limitations of analytical computations and experimental observations. To date, the primary resources used in proof-of-principle experiments are collections of qubits, coherent states or multiple single-particle Fock states. Here we show a quantum simulation performed using genuine higher-order Fock states, with two or more indistinguishable particles occupying the same bosonic mode. This was implemented by interfering pairs of Fock states with up to five photons on an interferometer, and measuring the output states with photon-number-resolving detectors. Already this resource-efficient demonstration reveals topological matter, simulates non-linear systems and elucidates a perfect quantum transfer mechanism which can be used to transport Majorana fermions.

DOI
10.1038/s41534-021-00427-w

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Abstract Quantum simulations are becoming an essential tool for studying complex phenomena, e.g. quantum topology, quantum information transfer and relativistic wave equations, beyond the limitations of analytical computations and experimental observations. To date, the primary resources used in proof-of-principle experiments are collections of qubits, coherent states or multiple single-particle Fock states. Here we show a quantum simulation performed using genuine higher-order Fock states, with two or more indistinguishable particles occupying the same bosonic mode. This was implemented by interfering pairs of Fock states with up to five photons on an interferometer, and measuring the output states with photon-number-resolving detectors. Already this resource-efficient demonstration reveals topological matter, simulates non-linear systems and elucidates a perfect quantum transfer mechanism which can be used to transport Majorana fermions.
Abstract We propose an experimental method of recognizing quantum non-Gaussian multiphoton states. This is a native quantum property of Fock states, the fundamental quantum states with a constant number of particles. Our method allows experimental development and characterization of higher Fock states of light, reaching even beyond the current technical limits of their generation. We experimentally demonstrate that it is capable of distinguishing realistic quantum non-Gaussian light with the mean number of photons up to five despite detection efficiency of 50%. We also provide evidence that our method can help to distinguish the number of single-photon emitters based only on their collective emission.
We propose an experimental method of recognizing quantum non-Gaussian multiphoton states.This is a native quantum property of Fock states, the fundamental quantum states with a constant number of particles.Our method allows experimental development and characterization of higher Fock states of light, reaching even beyond the current technical limits of their generation.We experimentally demonstrate that it is capable of distinguishing realistic quantum non-Gaussian light with the mean number of photons up to 5 despite detection efficiency of 50 %.We also provide evidence that our method can help to distinguish the number of single-photon emitters based only on their collective emission.
Linear-optic photonic networks with multiple single-photon inputs are attracting attention due to their great potential for quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. They are also essential for verifying quantum advantages via boson sampling schemes. The quantum coherence of generated multimode–multiphoton states is crucial for various applications. However, the coherence is invisible in the normally obtained photon number distributions, which strictly limits the efficiency of entanglement verification between multimode–multiphoton systems since the required resources for quantum state tomography increase exponentially as the number of photons/modes increases. In this paper, we report the experimental demonstration of direct and efficient verification of entanglement between two multimode–multiphoton systems (one photon in three modes and two photons in three modes) using just two sets of classical correlation tables with and without a discrete Fourier transformation of the optical modes, clearly demonstrating a dramatic reduction in the resources required for entanglement verification. Our experimental demonstration paves the way to understanding the coherence and entanglement of multi-partite systems, not only for photons but for other quantum resources with high-dimensional degrees of freedom.
The multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated and applications in quantum information science are explored. Considering the strong atom-field coupling regime and an N-photon interaction, a nonlinear driving field can perform an arbitrary rotation in the Fock space of a bosonic mode involving the vacuum and an M-Fock state, with M<N. In addition, driving a bosonic mode with a linear coherent field (superposition of many Fock states), only the cavity states within the Fock subspace {|0⟩,|1⟩,…,|N-1⟩} can be populated; i.e., we show how to implement a Fock state filter, or quantum scissor, that restricts the dynamics of a given bosonic mode to a limited Hilbert space. Such a device can be employed as a generator of finite-dimensional quantum-optical states and also as a quantum-optical intensity limiter, allowing as a special case the generation of single-photon pulses. On the other hand, our system also provides a very rich physics in the weak atom-field coupling regime, in particular, multiphoton electromagnetically induced transparencylike phenomena, inducing a narrow (controllable) reflectivity window for nonlinear probe fields. These results are useful for applications in quantum information processing and also motivate further investigations, e.g., the use of an N-photon Jaynes-Cummings system as a qudit with harmonic spectrum and the exploration of multiphoton quantum interference.
Multiphoton interference represents one of the key features in photonic platforms for quantum communication, quantum simulation, quantum computing and quantum sensing. Starting from the first two-photon experiment by Hong-Ou-Mandel [1], it has been shown that multiphoton interference lies at the heart of computational complexity in linear optical interferometers, the most notable example being provided by the Boson Sampling model [2]. This model corresponds to sampling from the evolution of n indistinguishable photons in a multimode linear network, and has been shown to be hard to simulate classicaly thus representing a promising route to experimentally reach the quantum advantage regime. It has been shown, however, that genuine multiparticle interference is necessary for high computational complexity. Hence, appropriate methods for detection of such feature should be developed since the complexity of problem prevents the application of trivial methods.