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arXiv:1905.10146 · Physical Review A

High-gain quantum free-electron laser: Emergence and exponential gain

Peter Kling, Enno Giese, C. Moritz Carmesin, Roland A. Sauerbrey, Wolfgang P. Schleich

Published May 16, 2019• 12 citations
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Abstract

We derive an effective Dicke model in momentum space to describe collective effects in the quantum regime of a free-electron laser (FEL). The resulting exponential gain from a single passage of electrons allows the operation of a Quantum FEL in the high-gain mode and avoids the experimental challenges of an x-ray FEL oscillator. Moreover, we study the intensity fluctuations of the emitted radiation, which turn out to be super-Poissonian.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.053823

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We derive an effective Dicke model in momentum space to describe collective effects in the quantum regime of a free-electron laser (FEL). The resulting exponential gain from a single passage of electrons allows the operation of a Quantum FEL in the high-gain mode and avoids the experimental challenges of an x-ray FEL oscillator. Moreover, we study the intensity fluctuations of the emitted radiation, which turn out to be super-Poissonian.
We discuss the problem of photon quantum statistics of a single particle Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier in the small-signal cold beam regime to first order in the electron quantum recoil. The initial radiation wave is an arbitrary coherent state. We show that Glauber coherence is not preserved by the FEL interaction if the initial coherent state is not the vacuum even if we neglect the electron quantum recoil (absence of gain). We evaluate the first two moments of the final photon distribution and find sub (super)-poissonian photo statistics for negative (positive) resonance parameter.
Free Electron Laser (FEL) and Collective Atomic Recoil Laser (CARL) are described by the same model of classical equations for properly defined scaled variables. These equations are extended to the quantum domain describing the particle's motion by a Schrödinger equation coupled to a self-consistent radiation field. The model depends on a single collective parameter which represents the maximum number of photons emitted per particle. We demonstrate that the classical model is recovered in the limit >> 1, in which the Wigner function associated to the Schrödinger equation obeys to the classical Vlasov equation. On the contrary, for ⩽ 1, a new quantum regime is obtained in which both FELs and CARLs behave as a two-state system coupled to the self-consistent radiation field and described by Maxwell-Bloch equations.
We investigate entangled x-ray photon pair emissions in a free-electron laser (FEL) and establish a quantum electrodynamical theory for coherently amplified entangled photon pair emission from microbunched electron pulses in the undulator. We provide a scheme to generate highly entangled x-ray photon pairs and numerically demonstrate the properties of entangled emission, which is of great importance in x-ray quantum optics. Our work shows a unique advantage of FELs in entangled x-ray photon pair generation.