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arXiv:1905.00936 · Optica

Interfacing scalable photonic platforms: solid-state based multi-photon interference in a reconfigurable glass chip

C. Antón, J. C. Loredo, G. Coppola, H. Ollivier, Niko Viggianiello, Abdelmounaïm Harouri, Niccolò Somaschi, Andrea Crespi, Isabelle Sagnes, Aristide Lemaître, L. Lanco, Roberto Osellame, Fabio Sciarrino, P. Senellart

Published Nov 22, 2019• 51 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Scaling-up optical quantum technologies requires to combine highly efficient multi-photon sources and integrated waveguide components. Here, we interface these scalable platforms: a quantum dot based multi-photon source and a reconfigurable photonic chip on glass are combined to demonstrate high-rate three-photon interference. The temporal train of single-photons obtained from a quantum emitter is actively demultiplexed to generate a 3.8 kHz three-photon source, which is then sent to the input of a tuneable tritter circuit, demonstrating the on-chip quantum interference of three indistinguishable single-photons. Pseudo number-resolving photon detection characterising the output distribution shows that this first combination of scalable sources and reconfigurable photonic circuits compares favourably in performance with respect to previous implementations. A detailed loss-budget shows that merging solid-state based multi-photon sources and reconfigurable photonic chips could allow ten-photon experiments on chip at ${\sim}40$ Hz rate in a foreseeable future.

DOI
10.1364/optica.6.001471

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Scaling-up optical quantum technologies requires to combine highly efficient multi-photon sources and integrated waveguide components. Here, we interface these scalable platforms: a quantum dot based multi-photon source and a reconfigurable photonic chip on glass are combined to demonstrate high-rate three-photon interference. The temporal train of single-photons obtained from a quantum emitter is actively demultiplexed to generate a 3.8 kHz three-photon source, which is then sent to the input of a tuneable tritter circuit, demonstrating the on-chip quantum interference of three indistinguishable single-photons. Pseudo number-resolving photon detection characterising the output distribution shows that this first combination of scalable sources and reconfigurable photonic circuits compares favourably in performance with respect to previous implementations. A detailed loss-budget shows that merging solid-state based multi-photon sources and reconfigurable photonic chips could allow ten-photon experiments on chip at ∼40{\sim}40∼40 Hz rate in a foreseeable future.
Scalable photonic quantum computing architectures pose stringent requirements on photonic processing devices. The need for low-loss high-speed reconfigurable circuits and near-deterministic resource state generators are some of the most challenging requirements. Here we develop an integrated photonic platform based on thin-film lithium niobate and interface it with deterministic solid-state single-photon sources based on quantum dots in nanophotonic waveguides. The generated photons are processed with low-loss circuits programmable at speeds of several GHz. We realize a variety of key photonic quantum information processing functionalities with the high-speed circuits, including on-chip quantum interference, photon demultiplexing, and reprogrammability of a four-mode universal photonic circuit. These results show a promising path forward for scalable photonic quantum technologies by merging integrated photonics with solid-state deterministic photon sources in a heterogeneous approach to scaling up.
Scalable photonic quantum computing architectures pose stringent requirements on photonic processing devices. The needs for low-loss high-speed reconfigurable circuits and near-deterministic resource state generators are some of the most challenging requirements. Here, we develop an integrated photonic platform based on thin-film lithium niobate and interface it with deterministic solid-state single-photon sources based on quantum dots in nanophotonic waveguides. The generated photons are processed with low-loss circuits programmable at speeds of several gigahertz. We realize a variety of key photonic quantum information processing functionalities with the high-speed circuits, including on-chip quantum interference, photon demultiplexing, and reprogrammability of a four-mode universal photonic circuit. These results show a promising path forward for scalable photonic quantum technologies by merging integrated photonics with solid-state deterministic photon sources in a heterogeneous approach to scaling up.
Photonic quantum technologies require the integration of high-quality quantum light sources with programmable photonic circuitry to enable on-chip quantum information processing. Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as a leading platform for quantum light generation, yet their monolithic integration with cryogenic-compatible, programmable photonic circuitry remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum photonic platform that enables simultaneous control of highly coherent quantum dot-based single photon emitters and reconfigurable optical elements at cryogenic temperatures. System-level integration enables individual electrical and optical addressing of active components on a single chip, allowing their concurrent operation while preserving coherent non-classical light emission. We demonstrate multiple quantum-photonic functionalities, including pure single-photon generation, two-photon interference, and resonant transmission and reflection measurements of integrated emitters. These results mark a step from isolated quantum-optical devices towards programmable quantum-photonic hardware platforms capable of combining coherent quantum emitters with large-scale photonic functionality.
Scalable quantum photonic technologies require the low-loss integration of many identical single-photon sources with photonic circuitry on a chip. Relatively complex quantum photonic circuits have already been demonstrated; however, sources used so far relied on parametric down-conversion which has a probabilistic nature that intrinsically limits its efficiency and scalability. Quantum emitter-based single-photon sources are free of this limitation, but frequency matching of multiple emitters within a single circuit remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate a key component in this regard in the form of a fully monolithic GaAs circuit combining two frequency-matched quantum dot single-photon sources interconnected with a low-loss on-chip beamsplitter connected via single-mode ridge waveguides. This device enabled us to perform a two-photon interference experiment on-chip with a visibility reaching 66%. Our device could be further scaled up, providing a clear path to increasing the complexity of quantum circuits toward fully scalable integrated quantum technologies.
The goal of integrated quantum photonics is to combine components for the generation, manipulation, and detection of nonclassical light in a phase-stable and efficient platform. Solid-state quantum emitters have recently reached outstanding performance as single-photon sources. In parallel, photonic integrated circuits have been advanced to the point that thousands of components can be controlled on a chip with high efficiency and phase stability. Consequently, researchers are now beginning to combine these leading quantum emitters and photonic integrated circuit platforms to realize the best properties of each technology. In this paper, we review recent advances in integrated quantum photonics based on such hybrid systems. Although hybrid integration solves many limitations of individual platforms, it also introduces new challenges that arise from interfacing different materials. We review various issues in solid-state quantum emitters and photonic integrated circuits, the hybrid integration techniques that bridge these two systems, and methods for chip-based manipulation of photons and emitters. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future prospects of on-chip quantum photonics with integrated quantum emitters.