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arXiv:1904.06831 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Time evolution of entanglement entropy of moving mirrors influenced by strongly coupled quantum critical fields

Da-Shin Lee, Chen-Pin Yeh

Published Jun 1, 2019• 12 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The evolution of the Von Neumann entanglement entropy of a n-dimensional mirror influenced by the strongly coupled d-dimensional quantum critical fields with a dynamic exponent z is studied by the holographic approach. The dual description is a n+1-dimensional probe brane moving in the d+1-dimensional asymptotic Lifshitz geometry ended at r = r b, which plays a role as the UV energy cutoff. Using the holographic influence functional method, we find that in the linear response region, by introducing a harmonic trap for the mirror, which serves as a IR energy cutoff, the Von Neumann entropy at late times will saturate by a power-law in time for generic values of z and n. The saturated value and the relaxation rate depend on the parameter α ≡ 1+(n+2)/z, which is restricted to 1 < α < 3 but α = 2. We find that the saturated values of the entropy are qualitatively different for the theories with 1 < α < 2 and 2 < α < 3. Additionally, the power law relaxation follows the rate ∝ t −2α−1. This probe brane approach provides an alternative way to study the time evolution of the entanglement entropy in the linear response region that shows the similar power-law relaxation behavior as in the studies of entanglement entropies based on Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture. We also compare our results with quantum Brownian motion in a bath of relativistic free fields.

DOI
10.1007/jhep06(2019)068

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Abstract The evolution of the Von Neumann entanglement entropy of a n-dimensional mirror influenced by the strongly coupled d-dimensional quantum critical fields with a dynamic exponent z is studied by the holographic approach. The dual description is a n+1-dimensional probe brane moving in the d+1-dimensional asymptotic Lifshitz geometry ended at r = r b, which plays a role as the UV energy cutoff. Using the holographic influence functional method, we find that in the linear response region, by introducing a harmonic trap for the mirror, which serves as a IR energy cutoff, the Von Neumann entropy at late times will saturate by a power-law in time for generic values of z and n. The saturated value and the relaxation rate depend on the parameter α ≡ 1+(n+2)/z, which is restricted to 1 < α < 3 but α = 2. We find that the saturated values of the entropy are qualitatively different for the theories with 1 < α < 2 and 2 < α < 3. Additionally, the power law relaxation follows the rate ∝ t −2α−1. This probe brane approach provides an alternative way to study the time evolution of the entanglement entropy in the linear response region that shows the similar power-law relaxation behavior as in the studies of entanglement entropies based on Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture. We also compare our results with quantum Brownian motion in a bath of relativistic free fields.
We use a simple holographic toy model to study global quantum quenches in strongly coupled, hyperscaling-violating-Lifshitz quantum field theories using entanglement entropy as a probe. Generalizing our conformal field theory results, we show that the holographic entanglement entropy of small subsystems can be written as a simple linear response relation. We use this relation to derive a time-dependent first law of entanglement entropy. In general, this law has a time-dependent term resembling relative entropy which we propose as a good order parameter to characterize out-of-equilibrium states in the post-quench evolution. We use these tools to study a broad class of quantum quenches in detail: instantaneous, power law, and periodic.
We compute holographic entanglement entropy in two strongly coupled nonlocal field theories: the dipole and the noncommutative deformations of SYM theory. We find that entanglement entropy in the dipole theory follows a volume law for regions smaller than the length scale of nonlocality and has a smooth cross-over to an area law for larger regions. In contrast, in the noncommutative theory the entanglement entropy follows a volume law for up to a critical length scale at which a phase transition to an area law occurs. The critical length scale increases as the UV cutoff is raised, which is indicative of UV/IR mixing and implies that entanglement entropy in the noncommutative theory follows a volume law for arbitrary large regions when the size of the region is fixed as the UV cutoff is removed to infinity. Comparison of behaviour between these two theories allows us to explain the origin of the volume law. Since our holographic duals are not asymptotically AdS, minimal area surfaces used to compute holographic entanglement entropy have novel behaviours near the boundary of the dual spacetime. We discuss implications of our results on the scrambling (thermalization) behaviour of these nonlocal field theories. ar X iv
For time-independent excited states in conformal field theories, the entanglement entropy of small subsystems satisfies a ‘first law’-like relation, in which the change in entanglement is proportional to the energy within the entangling region. Such a law holds for time-dependent scenarios as long as the state is perturbatively close to the vacuum, but is not expected otherwise. In this paper we use holography to investigate the spread of entanglement entropy for unitary evolutions of special physical interest, the so-called global quenches. We model these using AdS-Vaidya geometries. We find that the first law of entanglement is replaced by a linear response relation, in which the energy density takes the role of the source and is integrated against a time-dependent kernel with compact support. For adiabatic quenches the standard first law is recovered, while for rapid quenches the linear response includes an extra term that encodes the process of thermalization. This extra term has properties that resemble a time-dependent ‘relative entropy’. We propose that this quantity serves as a useful order parameter to characterize far-from-equilibrium excited states. We illustrate our findings with concrete examples, including generic power-law and periodically driven quenches.
Holographic study of TT‾ T\overline{T} TT like deformed HV QFTs: holographic entanglement entropy
Abstract We study the (d + 2)-dimensional Hyperscaling Violating (HV) geometries in the presence of both a finite temperature T and a UV cutoff rc. This gravitational system is conjectured to be dual to TT‾ T\overline{T} TT T T ¯ like deformed HV QFTs. We consider the representative quantum entanglement quantity in holography, i.e. the entanglement entropy S(A), and perform a complete analysis in all possible parameter ranges of the hyperscaling violation exponent θ and the critical dynamical exponent z to study the effect of the temperature and the cutoff. We find that the temperature has a universal effect independent of the parameters: it enhances S(A) in the small cutoff limit, while it is irrelevant in the large cutoff limit. For the cutoff effect, we find that the cutoff monotonically suppresses S(A) where its behavior depends on the parameter range. As an application of the finite temperature analysis, we study the first law of entanglement entropy, ST – ST =0 ~ ℓλ, in the small subsystem size ℓ limit. We find that λ interpolates between λ = 1 + z in the small cutoff and λ = 3 in the large cutoff, independent of the parameter range. We also provide the analytic holographic result at z = d – θ and discuss its possibility of comparison with the field theoretic result.
Entanglement entropy in holographic conformal field theories with boundaries of generic spacetime signature cannot be described entirely within the standard holographic duality to a real bulk spacetime. We show, both in static and time-dependent setups, that an exact match with the conformal field theory predictions in two boundary dimensions entails an extension of the dual spacetime to complex coordinates. As a consequence, relevant bulk objects such as Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces and branes are in general complex, yet anchored on a real asymptotic boundary preserving the physical meaning of field-theoretical quantities. We also provide a third numerical check of the holographic prediction with a two-dimensional system of free Gaussian fermions exhibiting the same asymptotic regimes across different entanglement phases.
In this paper, based on the fundamental principles of gauge/gravity duality and considering a global quench, we probe the physics of thermalization for certain special classes of strongly coupled nonrelativistic quantum field theories that are dual to an asymptotically Schr\"odinger DpDpDp brane space time. In our analysis, we note that during the prelocal stages of the thermal equilibrium the entanglement entropy has a faster growth in time compared to its relativistic cousin. However, it shows a linear growth during the postlocal stages of thermal equilibrium where the so-called tsunami velocity associated with the linear growth of the entanglement entropy saturates to that of its value corresponding to the relativistic scenario. Finally, we explore the saturation region and it turns out that one must constraint certain parameters of the theory in a specific way in order to have discontinuous transitions at the point of saturation.