Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1904.03114

Multi-dimensional entanglement transport through single-mode fibre

Jun Liu, Isaac M. Nape, Qianke Wang, Adam Vallés, Jian Wang, Andrew Forbes

Published Apr 5, 2019• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with significant advances already demonstrated using entangled polarisation states, reaching approximately 1200 km in free space and 100 km in optical fibre. Packing more information into each photon requires Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, for example, that of spatial modes of light. However spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fibre and is limited by decoherence induced mode coupling. Here we transport multi-dimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fibre (SMF). We achieve this by entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a bi-photon pair, passing the polarisation (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multi-dimensional orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other. We show high fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m of SMF across multiple 2x2 dimensions, demonstrating quantum key distribution protocols, quantum state tomographies and quantum erasers. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fibre.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1904.03114

Related papers

Multidimensional entanglement transport through single-mode fiber

Jun Liu, Isaac M. Nape, Qianke Wang +3 more

The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with substantial advances already demonstrated using polarization. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allow higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence-induced mode coupling. Here, we circumvent this by transporting multidimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). By entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a biphoton pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other, we realize multidimensional entanglement transport. We show high-fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m SMF across multiple 2 × 2 dimensions, confirmed by quantum state tomography, Bell violation measures, and a quantum eraser scheme. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber.

Science Advances•Jan 24, 2020•114 citations

Multidimensional spatial entanglement transfer through our existing fiber optic network

Adam Vallés, Isaac M. Nape, Jun Liu +3 more

The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with significant advances already demonstrated using polarization, reaching approximately 1200 km in free space and 100 km in optical fiber. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allows higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence induced mode coupling. Here we circumvent this by transporting multi-dimensional spatial entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). We achieve this by entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a bi-photon pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) sub-spaces with the other, thereby realizing multi-dimensional spatial entanglement transport. We show high fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m of SMF across multiple 2 x 2 dimensions, which we confirm by quantum state tomography and Bell violation measures. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber optic links.

Optical Manipulation and Structured Materials Conference (OMC)•Jun 15, 2020•1 citation

High-dimensional spatial entanglement distribution using custom-made optical fibres

Fernandez Cano, Javier

As quantum computers emerge and the demand for higher data transmission rates grows, spatial multiplexing of high-dimensional quantum states is essential for the development of quantum networks and communication technologies in our globalized society. This study presents advancements in the quantum transfer of high-dimensional spatial photon states and encompasses five months of research focused on constructing, from the ground up, an experimental setup for testing custom-made fibres of interest for potential use in high-dimensional long-distance entanglement distribution. Three setups were built in total, with improvements made to different components before assembling them into an entangled photon pair source. The experimental results demonstrate successful high-dimensional quantum transport in free-space and successful classical transport through a custom-made tapered fibre. Simulations in Python and COMSOL for structured modes, their superpositions, and for finding the eigenmodes of fibres with different core radii and cladding indices provided critical insights into the necessary physical corrections required in the experimental setup. Additionally, an interface was developed for manipulating the spatial light modulator and power readings, with built-in processes of interest. Future work will explore different fibre core sizes, indices, and topologies to achieve quantum state transport, with upcoming experiments comparing fibre and free-space spatial entanglement distributions.

•Sep 5, 2024•0 citations

Experimental Demonstration of Four-Dimensional Photonic Spatial Entanglement between Multi-core Optical Fibres

Hee Jung Lee, Sang-Kyung Choi, Hee Su Park

Fibre transport of multi-dimensional photonic quantum states promises high information capacity per photon without space restriction. This work experimentally demonstrates transmission of spatial ququarts through multi-core optical fibres and measurement of the entanglement between two fibres with quantum state analyzers, each composed of a spatial light modulator and a single-mode fibre. Quantum state tomography reconstructs the four-dimension entangled state that verifies the nonlocality through concurrences in two-dimensional subspaces, a lower bound of four-dimensional concurrence and a Bell-type CGLMP inequality.

Scientific Reports•Jun 21, 2017•31 citations

Distribution of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum entanglement at telecom wavelength over 1km of optical fibre

Huan Cao, Shecheng Gao, Chao Zhang +11 more

High-dimensional entanglement has demonstrated potential for increasing channel capacity and resistance to noise in quantum information processing. However, its distribution is a challenging task, imposing a severe restriction on its application. Here we report the first distribution of three-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement via a 1-km-long optical fibre. Using an actively-stabilizing phase pre-compensation technique, we successfully transport one photon of a three-dimensional OAM entangled photon pair through the fibre. The distributed OAM entangled state still shows a fidelity up to 71\% with respect to the three-dimensional maximal-entangled-state (MES). In addition, we certify that the high-dimensional quantum entanglement survives the transportation by violating a generalized Bell inequality, obtaining a violation of $\sim3$ standard deviations with $I_{3}=2.12\pm0.04$. The method we developed can be extended to higher OAM dimension and larger distances in principle. Our results make a significant step towards future OAM-based high-dimensional long-distance quantum communication.

arXiv:1811.12195•Nov 29, 2018•4 citations

Distribution of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum entanglement over a 1 km few-mode fiber

Huan Cao, Shecheng Gao, Chao Zhang +11 more

High-dimensional entanglement has demonstrated its potential for increasing channel capacity and resistance to noise in quantum information processing. However, distributing it is a challenging task, imposing severe restrictions on its application. Here we report the first distribution of three-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement via a 1-km-long few-mode optical fiber. Using an actively stabilizing phase precompensation technique, we successfully transport one photon of a three-dimensional OAM entangled photon pair through the fiber. The distributed OAM entangled state still shows a fidelity up to 71% with respect to the three-dimensional maximally entangled state (MES). In addition, we certify that the high-dimensional quantum entanglement survives the transportation by violating a generalized Bell inequality, obtaining a violation of ∼ 3 standard deviations from the classical limit with I 3 = 2.12 ± 0.04 . The method we developed can be extended to a higher OAM dimension and larger distances in principle. Our results make a significant step towards future OAM-based high-dimensional long-distance quantum communication.

Optica•Feb 20, 2020•113 citations
The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with significant advances already demonstrated using entangled polarisation states, reaching approximately 1200 km in free space and 100 km in optical fibre. Packing more information into each photon requires Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, for example, that of spatial modes of light. However spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fibre and is limited by decoherence induced mode coupling. Here we transport multi-dimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fibre (SMF). We achieve this by entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a bi-photon pair, passing the polarisation (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multi-dimensional orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other. We show high fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m of SMF across multiple 2x2 dimensions, demonstrating quantum key distribution protocols, quantum state tomographies and quantum erasers. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fibre.
The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with substantial advances already demonstrated using polarization. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allow higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence-induced mode coupling. Here, we circumvent this by transporting multidimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). By entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a biphoton pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other, we realize multidimensional entanglement transport. We show high-fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m SMF across multiple 2 × 2 dimensions, confirmed by quantum state tomography, Bell violation measures, and a quantum eraser scheme. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber.
The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with significant advances already demonstrated using polarization, reaching approximately 1200 km in free space and 100 km in optical fiber. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allows higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence induced mode coupling. Here we circumvent this by transporting multi-dimensional spatial entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). We achieve this by entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a bi-photon pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) sub-spaces with the other, thereby realizing multi-dimensional spatial entanglement transport. We show high fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m of SMF across multiple 2 x 2 dimensions, which we confirm by quantum state tomography and Bell violation measures. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber optic links.
As quantum computers emerge and the demand for higher data transmission rates grows, spatial multiplexing of high-dimensional quantum states is essential for the development of quantum networks and communication technologies in our globalized society. This study presents advancements in the quantum transfer of high-dimensional spatial photon states and encompasses five months of research focused on constructing, from the ground up, an experimental setup for testing custom-made fibres of interest for potential use in high-dimensional long-distance entanglement distribution. Three setups were built in total, with improvements made to different components before assembling them into an entangled photon pair source. The experimental results demonstrate successful high-dimensional quantum transport in free-space and successful classical transport through a custom-made tapered fibre. Simulations in Python and COMSOL for structured modes, their superpositions, and for finding the eigenmodes of fibres with different core radii and cladding indices provided critical insights into the necessary physical corrections required in the experimental setup. Additionally, an interface was developed for manipulating the spatial light modulator and power readings, with built-in processes of interest. Future work will explore different fibre core sizes, indices, and topologies to achieve quantum state transport, with upcoming experiments comparing fibre and free-space spatial entanglement distributions.
Fibre transport of multi-dimensional photonic quantum states promises high information capacity per photon without space restriction. This work experimentally demonstrates transmission of spatial ququarts through multi-core optical fibres and measurement of the entanglement between two fibres with quantum state analyzers, each composed of a spatial light modulator and a single-mode fibre. Quantum state tomography reconstructs the four-dimension entangled state that verifies the nonlocality through concurrences in two-dimensional subspaces, a lower bound of four-dimensional concurrence and a Bell-type CGLMP inequality.
High-dimensional entanglement has demonstrated potential for increasing channel capacity and resistance to noise in quantum information processing. However, its distribution is a challenging task, imposing a severe restriction on its application. Here we report the first distribution of three-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement via a 1-km-long optical fibre. Using an actively-stabilizing phase pre-compensation technique, we successfully transport one photon of a three-dimensional OAM entangled photon pair through the fibre. The distributed OAM entangled state still shows a fidelity up to 71\% with respect to the three-dimensional maximal-entangled-state (MES). In addition, we certify that the high-dimensional quantum entanglement survives the transportation by violating a generalized Bell inequality, obtaining a violation of ∼3\sim3∼3 standard deviations with I3=2.12±0.04I_{3}=2.12\pm0.04I3​=2.12±0.04. The method we developed can be extended to higher OAM dimension and larger distances in principle. Our results make a significant step towards future OAM-based high-dimensional long-distance quantum communication.
High-dimensional entanglement has demonstrated its potential for increasing channel capacity and resistance to noise in quantum information processing. However, distributing it is a challenging task, imposing severe restrictions on its application. Here we report the first distribution of three-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement via a 1-km-long few-mode optical fiber. Using an actively stabilizing phase precompensation technique, we successfully transport one photon of a three-dimensional OAM entangled photon pair through the fiber. The distributed OAM entangled state still shows a fidelity up to 71% with respect to the three-dimensional maximally entangled state (MES). In addition, we certify that the high-dimensional quantum entanglement survives the transportation by violating a generalized Bell inequality, obtaining a violation of ∼ 3 standard deviations from the classical limit with I 3 = 2.12 ± 0.04 . The method we developed can be extended to a higher OAM dimension and larger distances in principle. Our results make a significant step towards future OAM-based high-dimensional long-distance quantum communication.