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arXiv:1903.05013 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Generalized Falicov-Kimball models

Xiaohui Li, Zewei Chen, Tai Kai Ng

Published Sep 12, 2019• 8 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we extend the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) to the case where the ``quasiparticles'' entering the FKM are not ``ordinary'' fermions. As an example we first discuss how the FKM can be generalized to the case with spin-dependent hopping. Afterward, we discuss several cases where the quasiparticles entering the FKM are Majorana fermions [extended Majorana-Falicov-Kimball model (MFKM)]. Two examples of the extended MFKM are discussed in detail: (i) a $p$-wave BCS superconductor on a bipartite lattice and (ii) a BCS-Anderson model. We also discuss the most general forms of extended MFKM, including a brief discussion of the case where the Majorana fermions represent spins but not real fermion particles.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.100.094519

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In this paper we extend the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) to the case where the quasiparticles'' entering the FKM are not ordinary'' fermions. As an example we first discuss how the FKM can be generalized to the case with spin-dependent hopping. Afterward, we discuss several cases where the quasiparticles entering the FKM are Majorana fermions [extended Majorana-Falicov-Kimball model (MFKM)]. Two examples of the extended MFKM are discussed in detail: (i) a ppp-wave BCS superconductor on a bipartite lattice and (ii) a BCS-Anderson model. We also discuss the most general forms of extended MFKM, including a brief discussion of the case where the Majorana fermions represent spins but not real fermion particles.
Both canonical and grand canonical phase diagrams of the one dimensional Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) with correlated hopping are presented for several values of the model parameters. Using the method of restricted phase diagrams the system has been studied in the thermodynamic limit. As compare to the conventional FKM, the diagrams exhibit a loss of the particle-hole symmetry. PACS D5.30.Fk, 71.30+h As the simplest, still non-trivial model of highly correlated electron systems, the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) attracts growing attention among solid state physicists. It can describe variety of the most intriguing cooperative phenomena, as metal-insulator transition, mixed-valence phenomenon etc. (see e.g. the review [1]). The model deals with itinerant particles (electrons) that can hope between nearest-neighbor sites. Some of lattice sites are occupied by non-movable particles, playing a role of ions or localized electrons; we call them ”ions”. The only interaction in the system is the on-site, Coulomb-type interaction between the electrons and the ions. The interaction generates long-range correlations between the ions. The model has been investigated thoroughly in nineties. Numerous approximate results supplemented with some exact and rigorous statements reported up to now provide a good basis for further extensions of the model towards more realistic physical situations. These include the discussed here model with correlated hopping, according to which the electron hopping rate depends on occupations of relevant sites. The Hamiltonian of the FKM with correlated hopping reads:
The thermodynamic properties of the extended Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) for spinless fermions are studied as a function of temperature, doping, and interlevel spacing on the two-dimensional lattice. Thermodynamic quantities are calculated using the finite-temperature Lanczos method with additional phase averaging for a system of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ sites. Changes of the thermodynamic properties are studied as the system evolves from its symmetric limit represented by the original Hubbard model to the other limiting case, which corresponds to the original FKM for spinless fermions. Our results indicate that valence transition exists in the extended Falicov-Kimball model.
Two-dimensional spinless Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) with correlated hopping is studied perturbatively in the limit of large on-site Coulomb interaction U. In the half filled case (i.e., ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{i}+{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}=1,$ where ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{i},{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{e}$ are densities of ions and electrons, respectively) the effective Hamiltonian in spin variables is derived up to terms proportional to ${U}^{\ensuremath{-}3}.$ Unlike the simplest FKM case, it contains odd parity terms (resulting from the correlated hopping) in addition to even parity ones. The ground-state phase diagram of the effective Hamiltonian is examined in the (a/t,h)(a/t,h)(a/t,h) plane, where a/ta/ta/t is a parameter characterizing strength of the correlated hopping and h is a difference of chemical potentials of two sorts of particles present in the system. It appears to be asymmetric with respect to the change $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{h}\ensuremath{-}h$ and an additional ordered phase is found for a certain interval of a/t.a/t.a/t.
A new numerical method, recently developed to study ground states of the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM), is used to examine the effects of correlated hopping on the ground-state properties of this model in two dimensions. It is shown that the ground-state phase diagram as well as the picture of metal-insulator transitions found for the conventional FKM (without correlated hopping) are substantially changed when the correlated hopping term is added. The effect of correlated hopping is so strong that it can induce the insulator-metal transition, even in the strong-coupling limit, where the ground states of the conventional FKM are insulating for all f-electron densities.