Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1902.08159 · Physical Review A

Sculpting out quantum correlations with bosonic subtraction

Marcin Karczewski, Su‐Yong Lee, Junghee Ryu, Zakarya Lasmar, Dagomir Kaszlikowski, Paweł Kurzyński

Published Sep 23, 2019• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The indistinguishability of particles is an important feature of quantum mechanics. To account for indistinguishability, identical particles are described as inherently correlated. In this paper we study a method of transforming these correlations into operationally accessible entanglement with single-particle subtractions. We provide specific protocols to turn the bosonic symmetrization into various classes of entanglement. Moreover, we explain why analogous schemes cannot work for fermions. These results provide a new perspective on manipulating quantum states with heralded subtraction.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.033828

Related papers

Entanglement swapping by particle indistinguishability

Alessia Castellini, Bruno Bellomo, Giuseppe Compagno +1 more

Entanglement swapping represents an important protocol for transferring information within quantum networks. Here we present a scheme to implement entanglement swapping with independently-prepared identical particles (bosons or fermions), exploiting the indistinguishability due to their spatial overlap. In this protocol no initial entangled pairs are required and, for fermions, even Bell state measurements have not to be performed. These features constitute both a conceptual and practical advance compared to the standard procedure. The scheme is straightforwardly extended to multiple swapping, which is basic for quantum repeaters and relays in quantum information processing.

•Dec 5, 2018•0 citations

Particle addition and subtraction channels and the behavior of composite particles

Paweł Kurzyński, Ravishankar Ramanathan, Akihito Soeda +2 more

Composite particles made of elementary fermions can exhibit a wide range of behavior ranging from fermionic to bosonic depending on the quantum state of the fermions and the experimental situation considered. This behavior is captured by the fundamental operations of single-particle addition and subtraction and two-particle interference. We analyze the quantum channels that implement the physical operations of addition and subtraction of indistinguishable particles. In particular, we construct optimal Kraus operators to implement these probabilistic operations for systems of a finite number of particles. We then use these to measure the quality of bosonic and fermionic behavior in terms of single-particle addition and subtraction and two-particle interference. For the specific case of composite particles made of two distinguishable fermions, we find a transition from fermionic to bosonic behavior as a function of the entanglement between the two constituents. We also apply these considerations to composite particles of two distinguishable bosons and identify the relation between entanglement and bosonic behavior for these systems.

arXiv:1108.2998•New Journal of Physics•Sep 26, 2012•22 citations

Extracting Entanglement from Identical Particles

Nathan Killoran, M. Cramer, Martin Bodo Plenio

Identical particles and entanglement are both fundamental components of quantum mechanics. However, when identical particles are condensed in a single spatial mode, the standard notions of entanglement, based on clearly identifiable subsystems, break down. This has led many to conclude that such systems have limited value for quantum information tasks, compared to distinguishable particle systems. To the contrary, we show that any entanglement formally appearing amongst the identical particles, including entanglement due purely to symmetrization, can be extracted into an entangled state of independent modes, which can then be applied to any task. In fact, the entanglement of the mode system is in one-to-one correspondence with the entanglement between the inaccessible identical particles. This settles the long-standing debate about the resource capabilities of such states, in particular spin-squeezed states of Bose-Einstein condensates, while also revealing a new perspective on how and when entanglement is generated in passive optical networks. Our results thus reveal new fundamental connections between entanglement, squeezing, and indistinguishability.

arXiv:1312.4311•Physical Review Letters•Apr 15, 2014•156 citations

Heralded Optical Entanglement Generation via the Graph Picture of Linear Quantum Networks

Seungbeom Chin, Marcin Karczewski, Yong‐Su Kim

Non-destructive heralded entanglement with photons is a valuable resource for quantum information processing. However, they generally entail ancillary particles and modes that amplify the circuit intricacy. To address this challenge, a recent work \cite{chin2024shortcut} introduced a graph approach for creating multipartite entanglements with boson subtractions. Nonetheless, it remains an essential intermediate step toward practical heralded schemes: the proposition of heralded subtraction operators in bosonic linear quantum networks. This research establishes comprehensive translation rules from subtraction operators to linear optical operators, which provides a seamless path to design heralded schemes with single photons. Our method begets enhanced or previously unreported schemes for the N -partite GHZ state with 2 N photons, N -partite W state with 2 N + 1 photons and superposition of N = 3 GHZ and W states with 9 photons. Our streamlined approach can straightforwardly design heralded schemes for multipartite entangled states by assembling the operators according to the guidence of sculpting bigraphs, hence significantly simplifies the quantum circuit design process.

arXiv:2310.10291•Quantum•Dec 18, 2024•8 citations

Entanglement of indistinguishable particles

Toshihiko Sasaki, Tsubasa Ichikawa, Izumi Tsutsui

We present a general criterion for entanglement of $N$ indistinguishable particles decomposed into arbitrary $s$ subsystems based on the unambiguous measurability of correlation. Our argument provides a unified viewpoint on the entanglement of indistinguishable particles, which is still unsettled despite various proposals made mainly for the $s=2$ case. Even though entanglement is defined only with reference to the measurement setup, we find that the so-called independently and identically distributed states form a special class of bosonic states which are universally separable.

arXiv:1009.4147•Physical Review A•Jan 31, 2011•46 citations

Entangling three qubits without ever touching

Paweł Błasiak, Marcin Markiewicz

All identical particles are inherently correlated from the outset, regardless of how far apart their creation took place. In this paper, this fact is used for extraction of entanglement from independent particles unaffected by any interactions. Specifically, we are concerned with operational schemes for generation of all tripartite entangled states, essentially the GHZ state and the W state, which prevent the particles from touching one another over the entire evolution. The protocols discussed in the paper require only three particles in linear optical setups with equal efficiency for boson, fermion or anyon statistics. Within this framework indistinguishability of particles presents itself as a useful resource of entanglement accessible for practical applications.

arXiv:1807.05546•Scientific Reports•Dec 27, 2019•29 citations
The indistinguishability of particles is an important feature of quantum mechanics. To account for indistinguishability, identical particles are described as inherently correlated. In this paper we study a method of transforming these correlations into operationally accessible entanglement with single-particle subtractions. We provide specific protocols to turn the bosonic symmetrization into various classes of entanglement. Moreover, we explain why analogous schemes cannot work for fermions. These results provide a new perspective on manipulating quantum states with heralded subtraction.
Entanglement swapping represents an important protocol for transferring information within quantum networks. Here we present a scheme to implement entanglement swapping with independently-prepared identical particles (bosons or fermions), exploiting the indistinguishability due to their spatial overlap. In this protocol no initial entangled pairs are required and, for fermions, even Bell state measurements have not to be performed. These features constitute both a conceptual and practical advance compared to the standard procedure. The scheme is straightforwardly extended to multiple swapping, which is basic for quantum repeaters and relays in quantum information processing.
Composite particles made of elementary fermions can exhibit a wide range of behavior ranging from fermionic to bosonic depending on the quantum state of the fermions and the experimental situation considered. This behavior is captured by the fundamental operations of single-particle addition and subtraction and two-particle interference. We analyze the quantum channels that implement the physical operations of addition and subtraction of indistinguishable particles. In particular, we construct optimal Kraus operators to implement these probabilistic operations for systems of a finite number of particles. We then use these to measure the quality of bosonic and fermionic behavior in terms of single-particle addition and subtraction and two-particle interference. For the specific case of composite particles made of two distinguishable fermions, we find a transition from fermionic to bosonic behavior as a function of the entanglement between the two constituents. We also apply these considerations to composite particles of two distinguishable bosons and identify the relation between entanglement and bosonic behavior for these systems.
Identical particles and entanglement are both fundamental components of quantum mechanics. However, when identical particles are condensed in a single spatial mode, the standard notions of entanglement, based on clearly identifiable subsystems, break down. This has led many to conclude that such systems have limited value for quantum information tasks, compared to distinguishable particle systems. To the contrary, we show that any entanglement formally appearing amongst the identical particles, including entanglement due purely to symmetrization, can be extracted into an entangled state of independent modes, which can then be applied to any task. In fact, the entanglement of the mode system is in one-to-one correspondence with the entanglement between the inaccessible identical particles. This settles the long-standing debate about the resource capabilities of such states, in particular spin-squeezed states of Bose-Einstein condensates, while also revealing a new perspective on how and when entanglement is generated in passive optical networks. Our results thus reveal new fundamental connections between entanglement, squeezing, and indistinguishability.
Non-destructive heralded entanglement with photons is a valuable resource for quantum information processing. However, they generally entail ancillary particles and modes that amplify the circuit intricacy. To address this challenge, a recent work \cite{chin2024shortcut} introduced a graph approach for creating multipartite entanglements with boson subtractions. Nonetheless, it remains an essential intermediate step toward practical heralded schemes: the proposition of heralded subtraction operators in bosonic linear quantum networks. This research establishes comprehensive translation rules from subtraction operators to linear optical operators, which provides a seamless path to design heralded schemes with single photons. Our method begets enhanced or previously unreported schemes for the N -partite GHZ state with 2 N photons, N -partite W state with 2 N + 1 photons and superposition of N = 3 GHZ and W states with 9 photons. Our streamlined approach can straightforwardly design heralded schemes for multipartite entangled states by assembling the operators according to the guidence of sculpting bigraphs, hence significantly simplifies the quantum circuit design process.
We present a general criterion for entanglement of NNN indistinguishable particles decomposed into arbitrary sss subsystems based on the unambiguous measurability of correlation. Our argument provides a unified viewpoint on the entanglement of indistinguishable particles, which is still unsettled despite various proposals made mainly for the s=2s=2s=2 case. Even though entanglement is defined only with reference to the measurement setup, we find that the so-called independently and identically distributed states form a special class of bosonic states which are universally separable.
All identical particles are inherently correlated from the outset, regardless of how far apart their creation took place. In this paper, this fact is used for extraction of entanglement from independent particles unaffected by any interactions. Specifically, we are concerned with operational schemes for generation of all tripartite entangled states, essentially the GHZ state and the W state, which prevent the particles from touching one another over the entire evolution. The protocols discussed in the paper require only three particles in linear optical setups with equal efficiency for boson, fermion or anyon statistics. Within this framework indistinguishability of particles presents itself as a useful resource of entanglement accessible for practical applications.