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arXiv:1902.07690 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A

Symmetry-Projected Jastrow Mean-Field Wave Function in Variational Monte Carlo

Ankit Mahajan, Sandeep Sharma

Published Apr 4, 2019• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We extend our low-scaling variational Monte Carlo (VMC) algorithm to optimize the symmetry-projected Jastrow mean-field (SJMF) wave functions. These wave functions consist of a symmetry-projected product of a Jastrow and a general broken-symmetry mean-field reference. Examples include Jastrow antisymmetrized geminal power, Jastrow-Pfaffians, and resonating valence bond states, among others, all of which can be treated with our algorithm. We will demonstrate using benchmark systems including the nitrogen molecule, a chain of hydrogen atoms, and 2-D Hubbard model that a significant amount of correlation can be obtained by optimizing the energy of the SJMF wave function. This can be achieved at a relatively small cost when multiple symmetries including spin, particle number, and complex conjugation are simultaneously broken and projected. We also show that reduced density matrices can be calculated using the optimized wave functions, which allows us to calculate other observables such as correlation functions and will enable us to embed the VMC algorithm in a complete active-space self-consistent field calculation.

DOI
10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01583

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We extend our low-scaling variational Monte Carlo (VMC) algorithm to optimize the symmetry-projected Jastrow mean-field (SJMF) wave functions. These wave functions consist of a symmetry-projected product of a Jastrow and a general broken-symmetry mean-field reference. Examples include Jastrow antisymmetrized geminal power, Jastrow-Pfaffians, and resonating valence bond states, among others, all of which can be treated with our algorithm. We will demonstrate using benchmark systems including the nitrogen molecule, a chain of hydrogen atoms, and 2-D Hubbard model that a significant amount of correlation can be obtained by optimizing the energy of the SJMF wave function. This can be achieved at a relatively small cost when multiple symmetries including spin, particle number, and complex conjugation are simultaneously broken and projected. We also show that reduced density matrices can be calculated using the optimized wave functions, which allows us to calculate other observables such as correlation functions and will enable us to embed the VMC algorithm in a complete active-space self-consistent field calculation.
Variational wave functions used in the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method are extensively improved to overcome the biases coming from the assumed variational form of the wave functions. We construct a highly generalized variational form by introducing a large number of variational parameters to the Gutzwiller-Jastrow factor as well as to the one-body part. Moreover, the projection operator to restore the symmetry of the wave function is introduced. These improvements enable to treat fluctuations with long-ranged as well as short-ranged correlations. A highly generalized wave function is implemented by the Pfaffians introduced by Bouchaud et al., together with the stochastic reconfiguration method introduced by Sorella for the parameter optimization. Our framework offers much higher accuracy for strongly correlated electron systems than the conventional variational Monte Carlo methods.
We revisit the accuracy of the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method by taking an example of ground state properties for the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We start from the variational wave functions with the Gutzwiller and long-range Jastrow factor introduced by Capello et al. [Phys. Rev. B 72 , 085121 (2005)] and further improve it by considering several quantum-number projections and a generalized one-body wave function. We find that the quantum spin projection and total momentum projection greatly improve the accuracy of the ground state energy within 0.5% error, for both small and large systems at half filling. Besides, the momentum distribution function n ( k ) at quarter filling calculated up to 196 sites allows us direct estimate of the critical exponents of the charge correlations from the power-law behavior of n ( k ) near the Fermi wave vector. Estimated critical exponents well reproduce those predicted by the Tomonaga-Luttinger theory.
quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is a state-of-the-art numerical approach for evaluating accurate expectation values of many-body wave functions. However, one of the major drawbacks that still hinders widespread QMC applications is the lack of an affordable scheme to compute unbiased atomic forces. In this study, we propose an efficient method to obtain unbiased atomic forces and pressures in the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) framework with the Jastrow-correlated Slater determinant ansatz or the Jastrow antisymmetrized geminal power ansatz, exploiting the gauge-invariant and locality properties of their geminal representation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for H 2 and Cl 2 molecules and for the cubic boron nitride crystal. Our framework has a better algorithmic scaling with the system size than the traditional finite-difference method and, in practical applications, is as efficient as single-point VMC calculations. Thus, it paves the way to study dynamical properties of materials, such as phonons, and is beneficial for pursuing more reliable machine-learning interatomic potentials based on unbiased VMC forces. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Herein, we report accurate atomization energy calculations for 55 molecules in the Gaussian-2 (G2) set using lattice regularized diffusion Monte Carlo (LRDMC). We compare the Jastrow–Slater determinant ansatz with a more flexible JsAGPs (Jastrow correlated antisymmetrized geminal power with singlet correlation) ansatz . AGPs is built from pairing functions, which explicitly include pairwise correlations among electrons, and hence, this ansatz is expected to be more efficient in recovering the correlation energy. The AGPs wave functions are first optimized at the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) level, which includes both the Jastrow factor and the nodal surface optimization. This is followed by the LRDMC projection of the ansatz . Remarkably, for many molecules, the LRDMC atomization energies obtained using the JsAGPs ansatz reach chemical accuracy (∼1 kcal/mol), and for most other molecules, the atomization energies are accurate within ∼5 kcal/mol. We obtained a mean absolute deviation of 1.6 kcal/mol with JsAGPs and 3.2 kcal/mol with JDFT ( J astrow factor + Slater determinant with DFT orbitals) ansatzes . This work shows the effectiveness of the flexible AGPs ansatz for atomization energy calculations and electronic structure simulations in general.
We propose an accurate variational Monte Carlo method applicable in the presence of the strong spin-orbit interactions. The algorithm is applicable even in a wider class of Hamiltonians that do not have the spin-rotational symmetry. Our variational wave functions consist of generalized Pfaffian-Slater wave functions that involve mixtures of singlet and triplet Cooper pairs, Jastrow-Gutzwiller-type projections, and quantum number projections. The generalized wave functions allow describing states including a wide class of symmetry-broken states, ranging from magnetic and/or charge ordered states to superconducting states and their fluctuations, on equal footing without any ad hoc ansatz for variational wave functions. We detail our optimization scheme for the generalized Pfaffian-Slater wave functions with complex-number variational parameters. Generalized quantum number projections are also introduced, which imposes the conservation of not only the momentum quantum number but also Wilson loops. As a demonstration of the capability of the present variational Monte Carlo method, the accuracy and efficiency is tested for the Kitaev and Kitaev-Heisenberg models, which lack the SU(2) spin-rotational symmetry except at the Heisenberg limit. The Kitaev model serves as a critical benchmark of the present method: The exact ground state of the model is a typical gapless quantum spin liquid far beyond the reach of simple mean-field wave functions. The newly introduced quantum number projections precisely reproduce the ground state degeneracy of the Kitaev spin liquids, in addition to their ground state energy. An application to a closely related itinerant model described by a multiorbital Hubbard model with the spin-orbit interaction also shows promising benchmark results. The strong-coupling limit of the multiorbital Hubbard model is indeed described by the Kitaev model. Our framework offers accurate solutions for the systems where strong electron correlation and spin-orbit interaction coexist.
We consider symmetry-projected Hartree-Fock trial wave functions in constrained-path Monte Carlo (CPMC) calculations. Previous CPMC calculations have mostly employed Hartree-Fock (HF) trial wave functions, restricted or unrestricted. The symmetry-projected HF approach results in a hierarchy of wave functions with increasing quality: the more symmetries that are broken and restored in a self-consistent manner, the higher the quality of the trial wave function. This hierarchy is approximately maintained in CPMC calculations: the accuracy in the energy increases and the statistical variance decreases when further symmetries are broken and restored. Significant improvement is achieved in CPMC with the best symmetry-projected trial wave functions over those from simple HF. We analyze and quantify the behavior using the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model as an example. In the sign-problem-free region, where CPMC can be made exact but a constraint is deliberately imposed here, spin-projected wave functions remove the constraint bias. Away from half filling, spatial symmetry restoration in addition to that of the spin leads to highly accurate results from CPMC. Since the computational cost of symmetry-projected HF trial wave functions in CPMC can be made to scale algebraically with system size, this provides a potentially general approach for accurate calculations in many-fermion systems.