We propose a systematic design of protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with low error floor. We first characterize the trapping sets of such codes and demonstrate that the QC structure of the code eliminates some of the trapping set structures that can exist in a code with the same degree distribution and girth but lacking the QC structure. Using this characterization, our design aims at eliminating a targeted collection of trapping sets. Considering the parent/child relationship between the trapping sets in the collection, we search for and eliminate those trapping sets that are in the collection but are not a child of any other trapping set in the collection. An efficient layered algorithm is designed for the search of these targeted trapping sets. Compared to the existing codes in the literature, the designed codes are superior in the sense that they are free of the same collection of trapping sets with a smaller block length, or a larger collection of trapping sets with the same block length. In addition, the efficiency of the search algorithm makes it possible to design codes with larger degrees which are free of trapping sets within larger ranges compared to the state-of-the-art.
We propose a systematic design of protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with low error floor. We first characterize the trapping sets of such codes and demonstrate that the QC structure of the code eliminates some of the trapping set structures that can exist in a code with the same degree distribution and girth but lacking the QC structure. Using this characterization, our design aims at eliminating a targeted collection of trapping sets. Considering the parent/child relationship between the trapping sets in the collection, we search for and eliminate those trapping sets that are in the collection but are not a child of any other trapping set in the collection. An efficient layered algorithm is designed for the search of these targeted trapping sets. Compared to the existing codes in the literature, the designed codes are superior in the sense that they are free of the same collection of trapping sets with a smaller block length, or a larger collection of trapping sets with the same block length. In addition, the efficiency of the search algorithm makes it possible to design codes with larger degrees which are free of trapping sets within larger ranges compared to the state-of-the-art.
We propose a systematic design of protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with low error floor. We first characterize the trapping sets of such codes and demonstrate, using edge coloring techniques, that the QC structure of the code eliminates some of the trapping set structures that can exist in a code with the same degree distribution and girth but lacking the QC structure. Based on this characterization, our design aims at eliminating a targeted collection of trapping sets. Considering the parent/child relationship between the trapping sets in the collection, we search for and eliminate those trapping sets that are in the collection but are not a child of any other trapping set in the collection. An efficient layered algorithm is designed for the search of these targeted trapping sets. Compared to the existing codes in the literature, the designed codes are superior in the sense that they are free of the same collection of trapping sets while having a smaller block length, or a larger collection of trapping sets while having the same block length. In addition, the efficiency of the search algorithm makes it possible to design codes with larger degrees which are free of trapping sets within larger ranges compared to the state-of-the-art.
In this thesis, we propose a systematic design of binary protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with low error floor.We first characterize the trapping sets of such codes and demonstrate, using edge coloring techniques, that the QC structure of the code eliminates some of the trapping set structures that can exist in a code with the same degree distribution and girth but lacking the QC structure.Based on this characterization, our design aims at eliminating a targeted collection of trapping sets.Considering the parent/child relationship between the structures of the collection, we search for and eliminate those trapping sets that are in the collection but are not a child of any other trapping set in the collection.An efficient layered algorithm is designed for the search of these targeted trapping sets.Compared to the existing codes in the literature, the designed codes are superior in the sense that they are free of the same collection of trapping sets while having a smaller block length, or a larger collection of trapping sets while having the same block length.In addition, the efficiency of the search algorithm makes it possible to design codes with larger degrees which are free of trapping sets within larger ranges compared to the state-of-the-art.Moreover, we design finite-length binary irregular protograph-based QC-LDPC codes with good waterfall performance and low error floor.To achieve a low error floor, we eliminate a targeted set of dominant elementary trapping sets (ETS) L in the Tanner graph of the code.This is a more challenging task since the variety of problematic structures is much larger than that of regular codes.For a given rate and girth, the codes are designed to be free of the largest set of problematic ETSs for a given block length, or to have the shortest block length while a given set of ETSs is avoided.The design is based on a search algorithm that identifies whether any instance of any structure within L exists in the Tanner graph of the constructed code or not.The search algorithm performs this task with minimal complexity, making it feasible to construct practical codes by running the search algorithm a large numberiiiFirst, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Amir H. Banihashemi for leading and encouraging me during my research.His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.Thanks must also go to my committee members for their helpful suggestions and discussions.I can not express my appreciation to my wonderful wife, Arefeh who devoted her never ending love to me and was my partner towards success.I also appreciate the love and support of my family,
In this article, we design finite-length irregular protograph-based quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with good waterfall performance and low error floor. To achieve a low error floor, we eliminate a targeted set of dominant elementary trapping sets (ETS) £ in the Tanner graph of the code. For a given rate and girth, the codes are designed to be free of the largest set of problematic ETSs for a given block length, or to have the shortest block length while a given set of ETSs is avoided. The design is based on a search algorithm that identifies whether any instance of any structure within £ exists in the Tanner graph of the constructed code or not. The search algorithm performs this task with minimal complexity, making it feasible to construct practical codes by running the search algorithm a large number of times. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of designed codes compared to similar state-of-the-art irregular QC-LDPC codes.
In this letter, we propose a new technique to design quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with girth 8 and variable node degrees 3 and 4. Small trapping sets are avoided in the designed codes by imposing simple constraints on the cycles of length 8 in the code's Tanner graph. We also derive lower bounds on the block length of the codes that can satisfy such constraints. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the designed codes in comparison with similar codes in the literature.
To obtain efficient and pragmatic channel codes high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), an optimized construction of short and high rate protograph quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. Based on an optimized protograph template, the code framework is firstly produced by the extensions of the variable nodes. By enlarging the dimension of the sub-matrices related to the protograph framework, the base quasi-cyclic (QC) matrix is generated with required code rate and length. Then, the elements in the base matrix are split with even smaller square sub-matrices of the same row and column weights. In this procedure, a progressive edge growth (PEG) algorithm is employed to find the optimized positions of the QC submatrices, which brings larger girth for better code performance. Also the circulant offsets in all QC sub-matrices are optimally searched by a QC improved approximated cycle extrinsic message degree (QCI-ACE) algorithm, which improves the relationship of the unavoidable loops in the code's Tanner graph and thus it improves the error floor. Simulation results show that the codes produced by the proposed method demonstrate quite good bit error rate (BER) performance. In addition, they exhibit good properties of high spectrum efficiency by the high code rate, as well as the low complexity by the short code length. Therefore, the proposed code construction can be efficiently applied in the design of short and high rate protograph QC-LDPC codes with high rate and rational complexity.
In this paper, we present an algorithm to find all low-weight codewords in a given quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with a fixed column-weight and girth. The main idea is to view a low-weight codeword as an (a, 0) trapping sets, and then show that each topologically different (a, 0) trapping set can be dissected into smaller trapping sets. The proposed search method relies on the knowledge of possible topologies of such smaller trapping sets present in a code ensemble, which enables an efficient search. Combined with the high-rate QC LDPC code construction which successively adds blocks of permutation matrices, the algorithm ensures that in the code construction procedure all codewords up to a certain weight are avoided, which leads to a code with the desired minimum distance. The algorithm can be also used to determine the multiplicity of the low-weight codewords with different trapping set structure.