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arXiv:1902.04536 · Physical Review A

Polaritonic frequency-comb generation and breather propagation in a negative-index metamaterial with a cold four-level atomic medium

Saeid Asgarnezhad-Zorgabad, Pierre Berini, Barry C. Sanders

Published May 10, 2019• 20 citations
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Abstract

We develop a concept for a waveguide that exploits spatial control of nonlinear surface-polaritonic waves. Our scheme includes an optical cavity with four-level $N$-type atoms in a lossless dielectric placed above a negative-index metamaterial layer. We propose exciting a polaritonic Akhmediev breather at a certain position of the interface between the atomic medium and the metamaterial by modifying laser-field intensities and detunings. Furthermore, we propose generating position-dependent polaritonic frequency combs by engineering widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency window commensurate with the surface-polaritonic modulation instability. Therefore, this waveguide acts as a high-speed polaritonic modulator and position-dependent frequency-comb generator, which can be applied to compact photonic chips.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.051802

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We develop a concept for a waveguide that exploits spatial control of nonlinear surface-polaritonic waves. Our scheme includes an optical cavity with four-level NNN-type atoms in a lossless dielectric placed above a negative-index metamaterial layer. We propose exciting a polaritonic Akhmediev breather at a certain position of the interface between the atomic medium and the metamaterial by modifying laser-field intensities and detunings. Furthermore, we propose generating position-dependent polaritonic frequency combs by engineering widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency window commensurate with the surface-polaritonic modulation instability. Therefore, this waveguide acts as a high-speed polaritonic modulator and position-dependent frequency-comb generator, which can be applied to compact photonic chips.
The possibility of the direct excitation of surface polaritons (SPs) by the free-space laser fields at the interface of negative-index metamaterial (NIMM) layer and a bottom layer of cold double Lambda-type atomic medium is investigated. The giant field enhancement (up to |E/E0|2≈4.1), together with suppressed ohmic loss of the NIMM layer in a wide transparency window of a double electromagnetically induced transparency, results in the SPs generation. The excitation efficiency of these SPs can be effectively enhanced by applying the unidirectional atomic motion, modulation of the coupling laser characteristics, and using a probe laser with proper incident angle. Based on the special modulation of the driven fields parameters, the group velocity switching of the SPs is observed. In the nonlinear propagation regime of the SPs, a giant Kerr nonlinearity is produced by applying a negative unidirectional atomic velocity. The controllable optical Kerr effect in this coupler-free scheme results in the lossless propagation of the nonlinear SPs. It is revealed that the electromagnetically induced transparencybased system can be used for stable propagation of one-dimensional (1+1)D bright and dark superluminal polaritonic solitons. It is also shown that the proposed scheme could be easily realized in an experiment and hence can be used for various ultrafast optical devices.
We propose a scheme for the coupler-free excitation of surface polaritonic solitons and breathers in a planar plasmonic waveguide structure comprising a transparent layer, a metal layer, and a layer of a three-level lambda-type atomic medium. In the proposed system, an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is achieved via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the bottom atomic medium, which can be controlled through proper modulation of the frequency detunings and Rabi frequencies of the driving laser fields. This nonlinearity balances the dispersion in the system, thus providing the necessary condition for the excitation of polaritonic solitons in the proposed system. As a result, the system yields laterally self-trapped bright and dark surface polaritonic solitons that are tightly guided at the interface of the metal and the EIT medium. Furthermore, we investigate the excitation of surface polaritonic Akhmediev breathers at the metal-EIT medium interface in the proposed system. A stable propagation of the surface polaritonic Akhmediev breathers is achieved with the proper choice of parameters in the proposed planar plasmonic waveguide structure. This experimentally feasible scheme could be significant in the development of highly compact nanophotonic devices in the optical regime.
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) lasing requires population inversion, it is inefficient and possesses poor spectral properties. We develop an inversion-less concept for a quantum plasmonic waveguide that exploits unidirectional superradiant SPP (SSPP) emission of radiation to produce intense coherent surface plasmon beams. Our scheme includes a resonantly driven cold atomic medium in a lossless dielectric situated above an ultra-low loss negative index metamaterial (NIMM) layer. We propose generating unidirectional superradiant radiation of the plasmonic field within an atomic medium and a NIMM layer interface and achieve amplified SPPs by introducing phase-match between the superradiant SPP wave and coupled laser fields. We also establish a parametric resonance between the weak modulated plasmonic field and the collective oscillations of the atomic ensemble, thereby suppressing decoherence of the stably amplified directional polaritonic mode. Our method incorporates the quantum gain of the atomic medium to obtain sufficient conditions for coherent amplification of superradiant SPP waves, and we explore this method to quantum dynamics of the atomic medium being coupled with the weak polaritonic waves. Our waveguide configuration acts as a surface plasmon laser and quantum plasmonic transistor and opens prospects for designing controllable nano-scale lasers for quantum and nano-photonic applications.
We theoretically study the spatial focusing of surface polaritons (SPs) in a negative index metamaterial-atomic gas interface waveguide system, based on cross phase modulation (XPM) in a tripod type double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme. In the linear region, we realize the low-loss stable propagation of SPs, and the group velocities of the probe and signal fields are well matched via double EIT. In the nonlinear region, we show that giant enhancement of the XPM can be obtained. Using a narrow optical soliton in free space, we realize spatial focusing of the SPs solitons, including bright, multi bright, and gray solitons. The full width at the half-maximum of the SPs soliton can be compressed to about ten nanometers, thus, even nanofocusing can be obtained. The results obtained her e have certain theoretical significance for nano-scale sensing, spectral enhancement and precision measurement.
We propose fast all-optical control of surface polaritons by placing an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium at an interface between two materials. EIT provides longitudinal compression and a slow group velocity, while matching properties of the two materials at the interface provides strong transverse confinement. In particular, we show that an EIT medium near the interface between a dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial can establish tight longitudinal and transverse confinement plus extreme slowing of surface polaritons, in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, while simultaneously avoiding losses.
Surface polaritons (SP) are electromagnetic waves that propagate near the interface of two media with electric field amplitudes strongly decaying with distance from the interface. The two media could be left-handed with both the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability being negative. These media give us new possibilities of slow light control [1,2]. Here we propose to control SP mode propagation in left-handed materials using SP-SP induced transparency. In the proposed scheme, the spatially confined SP interacts with three level lambda type atoms near the surface. An expression for the complex absorption coefficient in the presence of additional control SP mode is derived. We demonstrate a new specific spectral behavior of the probe SP mode propagation that are determined by the spatial properties of interaction between the SP modes and three level atoms. Optimal conditions for the SP mode control will be discussed.