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arXiv:1902.02466 · Physical Review A

Single-photon transfer using levitated cavityless optomechanics

Pardeep Kumar, Mishkatul Bhattacharya

Published Feb 6, 2019• 5 citations
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Abstract

We theoretically explore a quantum memory using a single nanoparticle levitated in an optical dipole trap and subjected to feedback cooling. This protocol is realized by storing and retrieving a single-photon quantum state from a mechanical mode in levitated cavityless optomechanics. We describe the effectiveness of the photon-phonon-photon transfer in terms of the fidelity, the Wigner function, and the zero-delay second-order autocorrelation function. For experimentally accessible parameters, our numerical results indicate robust conversion of the quantum states of the input signal photon to those of the retrieved photon. We also show that high fidelity single-photon wavelength conversion is possible in the system as long as intense control pulses shorter than the mechanical damping time are used. Our work opens up the possibility of using levitated optomechanical systems for applications of quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.023811

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We theoretically explore a quantum memory using a single nanoparticle levitated in an optical dipole trap and subjected to feedback cooling. This protocol is realized by storing and retrieving a single-photon quantum state from a mechanical mode in levitated cavityless optomechanics. We describe the effectiveness of the photon-phonon-photon transfer in terms of the fidelity, the Wigner function, and the zero-delay second-order autocorrelation function. For experimentally accessible parameters, our numerical results indicate robust conversion of the quantum states of the input signal photon to those of the retrieved photon. We also show that high fidelity single-photon wavelength conversion is possible in the system as long as intense control pulses shorter than the mechanical damping time are used. Our work opens up the possibility of using levitated optomechanical systems for applications of quantum information processing.
We theoretically consider light storage in a single nanoparticle levitated in an optical dipole trap and subjected to nonlinear feedback cooling. The storage protocol is realized by controlling the coupling between mechanical displacement and signal pulse by maneuvering the intensity of writing and readout pulses. The process involves writing and readout pulses at one mechanical frequency below the signal pulse. We demonstrate that during the writing pulse, a signal pulse is stored as a mechanical excitation of the nanoparticle oscillation. It is then shown that a readout pulse at later time can retrieve the stored optical information from the mechanical oscillator. A long storage lifetime of 2 ms is obtained in our system due to the absence of clamping losses. Further, we describe that our protocol can be used for wavelength conversion and shows a saturation in the conversion efficiency as a function of cooperativities of the writing and readout pulses. We also illustrate that the presence of linear feedback heating can lead to the amplification of the retrieved photon energy. Our prototype for light storage with levitated optomechanics can be used to explore the possibility of quantum memories for photonic states.
Optically levitated nanoparticles have recently emerged as versatile platforms for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics and enabling ultrasensitive metrology. In this paper we theoretically consider two damping regimes of an optically levitated nanoparticle cooled by cavityless parametric feedback. Our treatment is based on a generalized Fokker-Planck equation derived from the quantum master equation presented recently and shown to agree very well with experiment [B. Rodenburg, L. P. Neukirch, A. N. Vamivakas, and M. Bhattacharya, Quantum model of cooling and force sensing with an optically trapped nanoparticle, Optica 3, 318 (2016)]. For low damping, we find that the resulting Wigner function yields the single-peaked oscillator position distribution and recovers the appropriate energy distribution derived earlier using a classical theory and verified experimentally [J. Gieseler, R. Quidant, C. Dellago, and L. Novotny, Dynamic relaxation of a levitated nanoparticle from a non-equilibrium steady state, Nat. Nano. 9, 358 (2014)]. For high damping, in contrast, we predict a double-peaked position distribution, which we trace to an underlying bistability induced by feedback. Unlike in cavity-based optomechanics, stochastic processes play a major role in determining the bistable behavior. To support our conclusions, we present analytical expressions as well as numerical simulations using the truncated Wigner function approach. Our work opens up the prospect of developing bistability-based devices, characterization of phase-space dynamics, and investigation of the quantum-classical transition using levitated nanoparticles.
We consider transfer of a highly nonclassical quantum state through an optomechanical system. That is we investigate a protocol consisting of sequential upload, storage and reading out of the quantum state from a mechanical mode of an optomechanical system. We show that provided the input state is in a test-bed single-photon Fock state, the Wigner function of the recovered state can have negative values at the origin, which is a manifest of nonclassicality of the quantum state of the macroscopic mechanical mode and the overall transfer protocol itself. Moreover, we prove that the recovered state is quantum non-Gaussian for wide range of setup parameters. We verify that current electromechanical and optomechanical experiments can test this complete transfer of single photon.
Optomechanics with levitated nanoparticles is a promising way to combine very different types of quantum non-Gaussian aspects induced by continuous dynamics in a nonlinear or time-varying potential with the ones coming from discrete quantum elements in dynamics or measurement. First, it is necessary to prepare quantum non-Gaussian states using both methods. The nonlinear and time-varying potentials have been widely analyzed for this purpose. However, feasible preparation of provably quantum non-Gaussian states in a single mechanical mode using discrete photon detection has not been proposed yet for optical levitation. We explore pulsed optomechanical interactions combined with non-linear photon detection techniques to approach mechanical Fock states and confirm their quantum non-Gaussianity. We also predict the conditions under which the optomechanical interaction can induce multiple-phonon addition processes, which are relevant for nnn-phonon quantum non-Gaussianity. The practical applicability of quantum non-Gaussian states for sensing phase-randomized displacements is shown. Besides such applications, generating quantum non-Gaussian states of levitated nanoparticles can help to study fundamental questions of quantum thermodynamics, and macroscopic quantum effects.
Optically levitated nanoparticles have recently emerged as versatile platforms for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics and enabling ultrasensitive metrology.In this article we theoretically consider two damping regimes of an optically levitated nanoparticle cooled by cavityless parametric feedback.Our treatment is based on a generalized Fokker-Planck equation derived from the quantum master equation presented recently and shown to agree very well with experiment [1].For low damping, we find that the resulting Wigner function yields the single-peaked oscillator position distribution and recovers the appropriate energy distribution derived earlier using a classical theory and verified experimentally [2].For high damping, in contrast, we predict a double-peaked position distribution, which we trace to an underlying bistability induced by feedback.Unlike in cavitybased optomechanics, stochastic processes play a major role in determining the bistable behavior.To support our conclusions, we present analytical expressions as well as numerical simulations using the truncated Wigner function approach.Our work opens up the prospect of developing bistabilitybased devices, characterization of phase-space dynamics, and investigation of the quantum-classical transition using levitated nanoparticles.
Based on photon-phonon nonlinear interaction, a scheme of controllable photon-phonon converters is proposed at single-quantum level in a composed quadratically coupled optomechanical system. With the assistance of the mechanical oscillator, the Kerr nonlinear effect between photon and phonon is enhanced so that the single-photon state can be converted into the phonon state with high fidelity even under the current experimental condition that the single-photon coupling rate is much smaller than mechanical frequency (g ≪ ωm). The state transfer protocols and their transfer fidelity are discussed analytically and numerically. A multi-path photon-phonon converter is designed by combining the optomechanical system with low frequency resonators, which can be controlled by experimentally adjustable parameters. This work provides us a potential platform for quantum state transfer and quantum information.