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arXiv:1901.10355 · Physical Review A

Bunching, clustering, and the buildup of few-body correlations in a quenched unitary Bose gas

V. E. Colussi, B. E. van Zwol, José Paulo D'Incao, S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

Published Apr 4, 2019• 15 citations
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Abstract

We study the growth of two- and three-body correlations in an ultracold Bose gas quenched to unitarity. This is encoded in the dynamics of the two- and three-body contacts analyzed in this work. Via a set of relations connecting many-body correlation dynamics with few-body models, signatures of the Efimov effect are mapped out as a function of evolution time at unitarity over a range of atomic densities $n$. For the thermal resonantly interacting Bose gas, we find that atom bunching leads to an enhanced growth of few-body correlations. These atom-bunching effects also highlight the interplay between few-body correlations that occurs before genuine many-body effects enter on Fermi timescales.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.043604

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We study the growth of few-body correlations in an ultracold Bose gas quenched to unitarity. This is encoded in the dynamics of the two- and three-body contacts. By connecting many-body correlations dynamics with few-body models, we map out signatures of the Efimov effect. For the thermal resonantly interacting Bose gas where the contact dynamics have been measured experimentally, we find that atom-bunching leads to an enhanced growth of few-body correlations. These atom-bunching effects also highlight the interplay between few-body correlations that occurs before genuine many-body effects enter on Fermi timescales. NWO Grant 680-47-623, NSF Grant PHY-1607204, and NASA.
We investigate dynamical three-body correlations in the Bose gas during the earliest stages of evolution after a quench to the unitary regime. The development of few-body correlations is theoretically observed by determining the two- and three-body contacts. We find that the growth of three-body correlations is gradual compared to two-body correlations. The three-body contact oscillates coherently, and we identify this as a signature of Efimov trimers. We show that the growth of three-body correlations depends nontrivially on parameters derived from both the density and Efimov physics. These results demonstrate the violation of scaling invariance of unitary bosonic systems via the appearance of log-periodic modulation of three-body correlations.
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We study the structure of a Bose-condensed gas after quenching interactions to unitarity. Using the method of cumulants, we decompose the evolving gas in terms of clusters. Within the quantum depletion we observe the emergence of two-body clusters bound purely by many-body effects, scaling continuously with the atomic density. As the unitary Bose gas forms, three-body Efimov clusters are first localized and then sequentially absorbed into the embedded atom-molecule scattering continuum of the surrounding depletion. These results highlight the interplay of quantum depletion and evolving scaling laws in the formation of the unitary Bose gas.
We study a degenerate Bose gas quenched to unitarity by solving a many-body model including three-body losses and correlations up to second order. As the gas evolves in this strongly interacting regime, the buildup of correlations leads to the formation of extended pairs bound purely by many-body effects, analogous to the phenomenon of Cooper pairing in the BCS regime of the Fermi gas. Through fast sweeps away from unitarity, we detail how the correlation growth and formation of bound pairs emerge in the fraction of unbound atoms remaining after the sweep, finding quantitative agreement with experiment. We comment on the possible role of higher-order effects in explaining the deviation of our theoretical results from experiment for slower sweeps and longer times spent in the unitary regime.