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arXiv:1901.08617

An Explicit Method for Schrieffer-Wolff Transformation

Rukhsan Ul Haq, Sachin S. Bharadwaj, Towseef Ali Wani

Published Jan 24, 2019• 1 citation
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Abstract

Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is a very important transformation in Quantum Many Body physics. Yet, there isn't an explicit method in the literature to calculate the generator of this unitary transformation directly from the hamiltonian. In this paper we present an explicit method to compute the generator of the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation in general and then calculate the same for two very important hamiltonians in condensed matter physics, the Single Impurity Anderson model (SIAM) and its lattice generalization , the Periodic Anderson Model (PAM). Our method can be used to carry out the transformation directly from the hamiltonian and the generator of the transformation can be obtained without any recourse to perturbative expansion or intuitive guesswork. In fact here, the full generator is calculated rather than its expansion to first two orders which is usually the case.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1901.08617

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Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is a very important transformation in Quantum Many Body physics. Yet, there isn't an explicit method in the literature to calculate the generator of this unitary transformation directly from the hamiltonian. In this paper we present an explicit method to compute the generator of the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation in general and then calculate the same for two very important hamiltonians in condensed matter physics, the Single Impurity Anderson model (SIAM) and its lattice generalization , the Periodic Anderson Model (PAM). Our method can be used to carry out the transformation directly from the hamiltonian and the generator of the transformation can be obtained without any recourse to perturbative expansion or intuitive guesswork. In fact here, the full generator is calculated rather than its expansion to first two orders which is usually the case.
Schrieffer-Wolff transformation (SWT) has been extensively used in quantum many-body physics to calculate the low energy effective Hamiltonian. It provides a perturbative method to comprehend the renormalization effects of strong correlations in the quantum many-body models. The generator for Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is calculated usually by heuristic methods. Recently, a systematic and elegant method for the calculation of this extremely significant transformation has been reported [1]. Given the huge significance of SWT for many areas including quantum condensed matter physics, quantum optics and quantum cavity electrodynamics, it is imperative to develop quantum algorithm for carrying out SWT on quantum computer. In this paper, we put forward this quantum algorithm and demonstrate it for single impurity Anderson model (SIAM), thereby arriving at Kondo model as effective Hamiltonian. We implement our quantum algorithm in QisKit and carry out SWT for SIAM on IBM Quantum computers. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to obtain Kondo model from Anderson impurity model using a quantum algorithm.
Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is extensively used in quantum many-body physics to calculate the low energy effective Hamiltonian. It offers a perturbative method to understand the renormalization effects in the strong coupling regime of the quantum many-body models. The generator for Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is calculated using heuristic methods. It is highly desirable to have a rigorous, systematic and simple method for the calculation of generator for this highly important transformation. In this paper, we put forward such a method. We demonstrate our method by applying it to few well-known models from various fields like strongly correlated electron systems, quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our method can be applied to a broad class of quantum many-body Hamiltonians.
The Schrieffer-Wolff transformation aims to solve degenerate perturbation problems and give an effective Hamiltonian that describes the low-energy dynamics of the exact Hamiltonian in the low-energy subspace of an unperturbed Hamiltonian. This unitary transformation decoupling the low-energy and high-energy subspaces for the transformed Hamiltonian can be realized by quantum circuits. We give a fully quantum algorithm for realizing the SW transformation. We also propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for finding the effective Hamiltonian on NISQ hardware, where a general cost function is used to indicate the decoupling degree. Numerical simulations without or with noise and experiments on quantum computer ibmq_manila are implemented for a Heisenberg chain model. Our results verify the algorithm and show its validity on near-term quantum computers.
Perturbation theories provide valuable insights on quantum many-body systems. Systems of interacting particles, like electrons, are often treated perturbatively around exactly solvable Gaussian points. Systems of interacting qubits have gained increasing prominence as another class of models for quantum systems thanks to the recent advances in experimentally realizing mesoscopic quantum devices. Stabilizer states, innately defined on systems of qudits, have correspondingly emerged as another class of classically simulatable starting point for the study of quantum error-correcting codes and topological phases of matter in such devices. As a step towards analyzing more general quantum many-body problems on these platforms, we develop a systematic stabilizer perturbation theory in qubit systems. Our approach relies on the local Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, which we show can be efficiently performed through the binary encoding the Pauli algebra. As demonstrations, we first benchmark the stabilizer perturbation theory on the transverse field Ising chain in one dimension. The method is then further applied to Z2\mathbb{Z}_2Z2​ toric code on square lattice and kagome lattice to probe the tendency toward confinement for anyonic excitations.
The description of nonequilibrium dynamics in interacting quantum systems is a long-standing challenge within condensed matter physics. In this theoretical work, the authors introduce a method to block-diagonalize low-energy sectors of strongly interacting Hamiltonians by variationally computing generators of rotations, equivalent to a nonperturbative dressing of quasiparticle excitations. This procedure allows for the calculation of effective dynamics including quenches and response functions, as is demonstrated in a Fermi-Hubbard model and an integrability-broken XY model, both of which demonstrate excellent convergence.