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arXiv:1901.07816 · New Journal of Physics

Mollow triplet in cold atoms

Luis Ortiz-Gutiérrez, R Teixeira, Aurélien Eloy, Dilleys Ferreira da Silva, Robin Kaiser, Romain Bachelard, Mathilde Fouché

Published Aug 19, 2019• 34 citations
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Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we measure the spectrum of light scattered by a cold atomic cloud driven by a strong laser beam. The experimental technique is based on heterodyne spectroscopy coupled to single-photon detectors and intensity correlations. At resonance, we observe the Mollow triplet. This spectrum is quantitatively compared to the theoretical one, emphasizing the influence of the temperature of the cloud and the finite-size of the laser beam. Off resonance measurements are also done showing a very good agreement with theory.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab3ca9

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•Sep 16, 2016•0 citations
Abstract In this paper, we measure the spectrum of light scattered by a cold atomic cloud driven by a strong laser beam. The experimental technique is based on heterodyne spectroscopy coupled to single-photon detectors and intensity correlations. At resonance, we observe the Mollow triplet. This spectrum is quantitatively compared to the theoretical one, emphasizing the influence of the temperature of the cloud and the finite-size of the laser beam. Off resonance measurements are also done showing a very good agreement with theory.
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We investigate cooperative fluorescence in a dilute cloud of strongly driven two-level emitters. Starting from the Heisenberg equations of motion, we compute the first-order scattering corrections to the saturation of the excited-state population and to the resonance-fluorescence spectrum, which both require going beyond the state-of-the-art linear-optics approach to describe collective phenomena. A dipole blockade is observed due to long-range dipole-dipole coupling that vanishes at stronger driving fields. Furthermore, we compute the inelastic component of the light scattered by a cloud of many atoms and find that the Mollow triplet is affected by cooperativity. In a lobe around the forward direction, the inelastic Mollow triplet develops a spectral asymmetry, observable under experimental conditions.
Noise measurement is a powerful tool to investigate many phenomena from laser characterization to quantum behavior of light. In this paper, we report on intensity noise measurements obtained when a laser beam is transmitted through a large cloud of cold atoms. While this measurement could possibly be used to investigate complex processes such as the influence of atomic motion, one is first limited by the conversion of the intrinsic laser frequency noise to intensity noise via the atomic resonance. This conversion is studied here in detail. We show that, while experimental intensity noise spectra collapse onto the same curve at low Fourier frequencies, some differences appear at higher frequencies when the probe beam is detuned from the center of the resonance line. A simple model, based on a mean-field approach, which corresponds to describing the atomic cloud by a dielectric susceptibility, is sufficient to understand the main features. Using this model, the noise spectra allow extracting some quantitative information on the laser noise as well as on the atomic sample.
We measure the coherent scattering of light by a cloud of laser-cooled atoms with a size comparable to the wavelength of light. By interfering a laser beam tuned near an atomic resonance with the field scattered by the atoms, we observe a resonance with a redshift, a broadening, and a saturation of the extinction for increasing atom numbers. We attribute these features to enhanced light-induced dipole-dipole interactions in a cold, dense atomic ensemble that result in a failure of standard predictions such as the "cooperative Lamb shift". The description of the atomic cloud by a mean-field model based on the Lorentz-Lorenz formula that ignores scattering events where light is scattered recurrently by the same atom and by a microscopic discrete dipole model that incorporates these effects lead to progressively closer agreement with the observations, despite remaining differences.
Noise measurement is a powerful tool to investigate many phenomena from laser characterization to quantum behavior of light. In this paper, we report on intensity noise measurements obtained when a laser beam is transmitted through a large cloud of cold atoms. While this measurement could possibly investigate complex processes such as the influence of atomic motion, one is first limited by the conversion of the intrinsic laser frequency noise to intensity noise via the atomic resonance. This conversion is studied here in details. We show that, while experimental intensity noise spectra collapse onto the same curve at low Fourier frequencies, some differences appear at higher frequencies when the probe beam is detuned from the center of the resonance line. A simple model, based on a mean-field approach, which corresponds to describing the atomic cloud by a dielectric susceptibility, is sufficient to understand the main features. Using this model, the noise spectra allow extracting some quantitative informations on the laser noise as well as on the atomic sample.