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arXiv:1901.04250 · Physical Review A

Engineering asymmetric steady-state Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in macroscopic hybrid systems

Xinyao Huang, Emil Zeuthen, Qihuang Gong, Qiongyi He

Published Jul 15, 2019• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Generation of quantum correlations between separate objects is of significance both in fundamental physics and in quantum networks. One important challenge is to create the directional ``spooky action-at-a-distance'' effects that Schr\"odinger called ``steering'' between two macroscopic and massive objects. Here, we analyze a generic scheme for generating steering correlations in cascaded hybrid systems in which two distant oscillators with effective masses of opposite signs are coupled to a unidirectional light field, a setup which is known to build up quantum correlations by means of quantum back-action evasion. The unidirectional coupling of the first to the second oscillator via the light field can be engineered to enhance steering in both directions and provides an active method for controlling the asymmetry of steering. We show that the resulting scheme can efficiently generate unconditional steady-state Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering between the two subsystems, even in the presence of thermal noise and optical losses. As a scenario of particular technological interest in quantum networks, we use our scheme to engineer enhanced steering from an untrusted node with limited tunability (in terms of interaction strength and type with the light field) to a trusted, highly tunable node, hence offering a path to implementing one-sided device-independent quantum tasks.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.012318

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Generation of quantum correlations between separate objects is of significance both in fundamental physics and in quantum networks. One important challenge is to create the directional spooky action-at-a-distance'' effects that Schr\"odinger called steering'' between two macroscopic and massive objects. Here, we analyze a generic scheme for generating steering correlations in cascaded hybrid systems in which two distant oscillators with effective masses of opposite signs are coupled to a unidirectional light field, a setup which is known to build up quantum correlations by means of quantum back-action evasion. The unidirectional coupling of the first to the second oscillator via the light field can be engineered to enhance steering in both directions and provides an active method for controlling the asymmetry of steering. We show that the resulting scheme can efficiently generate unconditional steady-state Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering between the two subsystems, even in the presence of thermal noise and optical losses. As a scenario of particular technological interest in quantum networks, we use our scheme to engineer enhanced steering from an untrusted node with limited tunability (in terms of interaction strength and type with the light field) to a trusted, highly tunable node, hence offering a path to implementing one-sided device-independent quantum tasks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering manifests a type of quantum correlations intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In this paper we propose a scheme for realizing hybrid atom-mechanical quantum steering in the steady-state regime. In our scheme, an optomechanical two-mode cavity is coupled to a distant ensemble of double-$\ensuremath{\lambda}$ atoms in a cascade way, which induces the dissipative interaction between the mechanics and the internal atomic states. We show that strong cavity dissipation can lead to two-way atom-mechanical steering and the optimal steering exhibited in an approximate two-mode squeezed-vacuum atom-mechanical state. Moreover, we find that for the present cascade coupling scheme, the one-way steering from the mechanical oscillator to the atoms is achievable under certain conditions, while the reverse one-way steering is impossible to obtain. The reason for achieving the asymmetric steering is analyzed and the effect of mechanical thermal noise on the steering is also studied.
The generation of entanglement between disparate physical objects is a key ingredient in the field of quantum technologies, since they can have different functionalities in a quantum network. Here we propose and analyze a generic approach to steady-state entanglement generation between two oscillators with different temperatures and decoherence properties coupled in cascade to a common unidirectional light field. The scheme is based on a combination of coherent noise cancellation and dynamical cooling techniques for two oscillators with effective masses of opposite signs, such as quasispin and motional degrees of freedom, respectively. The interference effect provided by the cascaded setup can be tuned to implement additional noise cancellation leading to improved entanglement even in the presence of a hot thermal environment. The unconditional entanglement generation is advantageous since it provides a ready-to-use quantum resource. Remarkably, by comparing to the conditional entanglement achievable in the dynamically stable regime, we find our unconditional scheme to deliver a virtually identical performance when operated optimally.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a form of quantum correlation and its intrinsic asymmetry makes it distinct from entanglement and Bell nonlocality. We propose here a scheme for realizing one-way Gaussian steering of two electromagnetic fields mediated by a mechanical oscillator. We reveal that the steady-state one-way steering of the intracavity and output fields is obtainable with different cavity losses or strong mechanical damping. The conditions for achieving this asymmetric steering are found, and it shows that the steering is robust against thermal mechanical fluctuations. The present scheme can realize hybrid microwave-optical asymmetric steering by optoelectromechanics. In addition, our results are generic and can also be applied to other three-mode parametrically coupled bosonic systems.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, that is, an intermediate form of quantum correlations with asymmetry in between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, plays an essential role in quantum information processing, such as one-sided device-independent quantum cryptography tasks. Here we theoretically study the direct generation of EPR steering in ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinear optical processes with cascaded crystals in a self-phase-locked optical parametric oscillator. Based on a standard linearization method, we analyze different conditions for generating EPR steering in Gaussian states with vanishing or nonzero mean fields, and also show bistable regions for different types of EPR steering. In particular, such system can intrinsically generate asymmetry one-way EPR steering, without introducing any postoperation. Our results suggest that the self-phase-locked optical parametric oscillator is a good candidate to generate different types of EPR steering at will by varying the cavity detunings, photon loss, or input pump power.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a key resource in a quantum network. Although EPR steering between spatially separated regions of ultracold atomic systems has been observed, deterministic manipulation of steering between distant quantum network nodes is required for a secure quantum communication network. Here, we propose a feasible scheme to deterministically generate, store, and manipulate one-way EPR steering between distant atomic cells by a cavity-enhanced quantum memory approach. While optical cavities effectively suppress the unavoidable noises in electromagnetically induced transparency, three atomic cells are in a strong Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state by faithfully storing three spatially separated entangled optical modes. In this way, the strong quantum correlation of atomic cells guarantees one-to-two node EPR steering is achieved, and can perserve the stored EPR steering in these quantum nodes. Furthermore, the steerability can be actively manipulated by the temperature of the atomic cell. This scheme provides the direct reference for experimental implementation for one-way multipartite steerable states, which enables an asymmetric quantum network protocol.
Abstract We present to use the thermal noise as an effective way to manipulate the direction of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering. In particular, a system of three-level cascade laser is under our consideration, in which the atoms are prepared in an initial superposition of the upper excited level and ground level and the cavity modes are damped by the thermal bath. It is found that the thermal noise plays a constructive role in realizing the one-way EPR steering and expanding the parameter region of the steady-state asymmetric steering. In the absence of the thermal noise, two-way steering mainly occurs due to the injected atomic coherence that is quite helpful for entanglement enhancement. Surprisingly, when the thermal noise is involved, the one-way steering substitutes for two-way steering and it can be obtainable in most parameter region. Actually, the thermal noise significantly increases the mean number of the emitted photon pairs and enlarges the intensity difference between two cavity modes, which leads to the striking asymmetry in the mean photon numbers and then induces the unidirectional steerability from the mode generated by the upper transition to the mode in the low transition. The present scheme may provide a resource in a long-distance quantum network for quantum secret sharing protocol.