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arXiv:1901.02204 · Applied Physics Letters

Characterizing nonlocal dispersion compensation in deployed telecommunications fiber

James A. Grieve, Yicheng Shi, Hou Shun Poh, Christian Kurtsiefer, Alexander Ling

Published Apr 1, 2019• 20 citations
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Abstract

Propagation of broadband photon pairs over deployed telecommunication fibers is used to achieve nonlocal dispersion compensation without the deliberate introduction of negative dispersion. This is made possible by exploiting time-energy entanglement and the positive and negative dispersive properties of the fiber. We demonstrate the preservation of photon timing correlations after transmission over two multi-segment 10 km spans of deployed fiber and up to 80 km of laboratory-based fiber.

DOI
10.1063/1.5088830

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Propagation of broadband photon pairs over deployed telecommunication fibers is used to achieve nonlocal dispersion compensation without the deliberate introduction of negative dispersion. This is made possible by exploiting time-energy entanglement and the positive and negative dispersive properties of the fiber. We demonstrate the preservation of photon timing correlations after transmission over two multi-segment 10 km spans of deployed fiber and up to 80 km of laboratory-based fiber.
Nonlocal dispersion compensation between broadband nondegenerate photon pairs propagated over fiber corresponding to the ITU-T G.652D telecommunications standard was studied extensively via fine-grained measurements of the temporal correlation between them. We demonstrated near-ideal levels of nonlocal dispersion compensation by adjusting the propagation distance of the photon pairs to preserve photon timing correlations close to the effective instrument resolution of our detection apparatus (41.0±0.1ps). Experimental data indicates that this degree of compensation can be achieved with relatively large fiber increments (1km), compatible with real-world deployment. Ultimately, photon timing correlations were preserved down to 51ps±21ps over two multi-segmented 10km spans of deployed metropolitan fiber.
Nonlocal dispersion compensation facilitated over standard ITU-T G.652/7 telecommunication fiber provides the simplest solution for the preservation of pair-wise timing correlations of broadband spontaneous parametric down converted photons. Its reliance on key parameters such as the relative spectral property of the down converted photons and pump wavelength were studied, providing important insights for an effective use of this scheme. We also raise the benefit of using modern ITU-T G.655 telecommunication fiber to complement this scheme. We preserved the timing correlations of photons distributed over a cumulative distance of 40km to within 60ps, with only 2km of extra G.655 fiber.
Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication guaranteed by the laws of physics. The last decades have seen tremendous efforts in making this technology feasible under real-life conditions, with implementations bridging ever longer distances and creating ever higher secure key rates. Readily deployed glass fiber connections are a natural choice for distributing the single photons necessary for QKD both in intra- and intercity links. Any fiber-based implementation however experiences chromatic dispersion which deteriorates temporal detection precision. This ultimately limits maximum distance and achievable key rate of such QKD systems. In this work, we address this limitation to both maximum distance and key rate and present an effective and easy-to-implement method to overcome chromatic dispersion effects. By exploiting entangled photons’ frequency correlations, we make use of nonlocal dispersion compensation to improve the photons’ temporal correlations. Our experiment is the first implementation utilizing the inherently quantum-mechanical effect of nonlocal dispersion compensation for QKD in this way. We experimentally show an increase in key rate from 6.1 to 228.3 bits/s over 6.46 km of telecom fiber. Our approach is extendable to arbitrary fiber lengths and dispersion values, resulting in substantially increased key rates and even enabling QKD in the first place where strong dispersion would otherwise frustrate key extraction at all.