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arXiv:1812.08354 · Physical Review A

Manipulation and enhancement of asymmetric steering via interference effects induced by closed-loop coupling

Shasha Zheng, Feng-Xiao Sun, Yijie Lai, Qihuang Gong, Qiongyi He

Published Feb 26, 2019• 46 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a phase control method for a general three-mode system with closed-loop coupling that drives the system into an entangled steady state and produces directional steering between two completely symmetric modes via quantum interference effects. In the scheme, two modes are coupled with each other both by a direct binary interaction and by an indirect interaction through a third intermediate damping mode, creating interference effects determined by the relative phase between the two physical interaction paths. By calculating the populations and correlations of the two modes, we show that, depending on the phase, two modes can be prepared into an entangled steady state with asymmetric and directional steering even if they possess completely symmetric decoherence properties. Meanwhile, entanglement and steering can be significantly enhanced due to constructive interference and thus are more robust to thermal noises. This provides an active method to manipulate the asymmetry of steering instead of adding asymmetric losses or noises to subsystems at the cost of reducing steerability. Moreover, we show that the interference effects can also enhance and control the correlations between other pairs of modes in the loop with opposite phase-dependent behavior, indicating monogamy constraints for distributing correlations among multiple parties. The present model could be applied in cavity optomechanical systems or in antiferromagnets where all components can mutually interact.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.022335

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We present a phase control method for a general three-mode system with closed-loop coupling that drives the system into an entangled steady state and produces directional steering between two completely symmetric modes via quantum interference effects. In the scheme, two modes are coupled with each other both by a direct binary interaction and by an indirect interaction through a third intermediate damping mode, creating interference effects determined by the relative phase between the two physical interaction paths. By calculating the populations and correlations of the two modes, we show that, depending on the phase, two modes can be prepared into an entangled steady state with asymmetric and directional steering even if they possess completely symmetric decoherence properties. Meanwhile, entanglement and steering can be significantly enhanced due to constructive interference and thus are more robust to thermal noises. This provides an active method to manipulate the asymmetry of steering instead of adding asymmetric losses or noises to subsystems at the cost of reducing steerability. Moreover, we show that the interference effects can also enhance and control the correlations between other pairs of modes in the loop with opposite phase-dependent behavior, indicating monogamy constraints for distributing correlations among multiple parties. The present model could be applied in cavity optomechanical systems or in antiferromagnets where all components can mutually interact.
We propose a scheme to enhance entanglement and asymmetric steering between two mechanical oscillators in an optomechanical system with coherent feedback control. In the system, an optical cavity interacts with two mechanical oscillators and an auxiliary cavity whose output field is fed back into the input port of the optical cavity via a feedback loop. Due to the coherence between the auxiliary cavity and feedback, we derive the effective decay rate and a nonzero frequency shift of the optical cavity. Consequently, the induced beam-splitter-type and parametric-type interactions between the two mechanical oscillators are modulated, which leads to the enhancement of entanglement and the generation of asymmetric steering even if the two mechanical oscillators possess identical decoherence properties. And the direction of asymmetric steering can be controlled by tuning the jumping phase between two cavities and optimizing the ratio of drive asymmetry. In contrast to the method of adding losses or noises to one subsystem at the cost of reducing steerability, this scheme provides an active way to achieve enhanced asymmetric steering. Furthermore, the steady-state and dynamical entanglement and asymmetric steering can be generated in the unresolved-sideband regime, which is friendly for experimental implementation.
The theory of phase control of coherence, entanglement and quantum steering is developed for an optomechanical system composed of a single mode cavity containing a partially transmitting dielectric membrane and driven by short laser pulses. The membrane divides the cavity into two mutually coupled optomechanical cavities resulting in an effective three-mode closed loop system, two field modes of the two cavities and a mechanical mode representing the oscillating membrane. The closed loop in the coupling creates interfering channels which depend on the relative phase of the coupling strengths of the field modes to the mechanical mode. Populations and correlations of the output modes are calculated analytically and show several interesting phase dependent effects such as reversible population transfer from one field mode to the other, creation of collective modes, and induced coherence without induced emission. We find that these effects result from perfect mutual coherence between the field modes which is preserved even if one of the modes is not populated. The inseparability criterion for the output modes is also investigated and we find that entanglement may occur only between the field modes and the mechanical mode. We show that depending on the phase, the field modes can act on the mechanical mode collectively or individually resulting, respectively, in tripartite or bipartite entanglement. In addition, we examine the phase sensitivity of quantum steering of the mechanical mode by the field modes. Deterministic phase transfer of the steering from bipartite to collective is predicted and optimum steering corresponding to perfect EPR state can be achieved. These different types of quantum steering can be distinguished experimentally by measuring the coincidence rate between two detectors adjusted to collect photons of the output cavity modes. In particular, we find that the minima of the interference pattern of the coincidence rate signal the bipartite steering, while the maxima signal the collective steering.
We study the periodic entanglement and asymmetric steering at exceptional points for a non-Hermitian cavity magnetomechanics system in which exceptional points (EPs) emerge periodically by controlling the relative phase angle of the nanoparticles. First, we analyze this hybrid system and identify parametric regimes where different types of entanglement and steering are enhanced. Entanglement and steering can be significantly enhanced due to the external control method and are thus more robust to thermal noises. This provides an active method to manipulate the asymmetry of steering instead of adding asymmetric losses or noises to subsystems at the cost of reducing steering ability. Moreover, the relative phase angle (RPA) not only enhances the strength of entanglement but also increases the domain of entanglement over a wider space of detunings compared to a system in which no RPA is present. Another important consequence of the RPA is that it controls the directivity of quantum steering. Specifically, steering reaches a maximal value at EPs as well, and we can get rich properties of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering; e.g., the asymmetry of the overall state is stepwise, including one-way quantum steering, no-way quantum steering, and two-way quantum steering. We believe that the presented scheme is a step forward in realizing robust quantum entanglement using current technology. Our results indicate that cavity magnetomechanics systems could provide a promising platform for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena.
We consider a three-mode optomechanical system in which two mechanical oscillators are independently coupled to a cavity mode driven by two controllable lasers. By controlling the two-tone driving, one can prepare the entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of two mechanical modes, in which the cavity mode acts as a single reservoir to cool two Bogoliubov modes. We find that the direction of EPR steering can be manipulated effectively by adjusting the damping rates and the thermal noises of two mechanical modes. In addition, we show that the entanglement and EPR steering between two mechanical modes can be enhanced by adding a parametric amplifier (PA) into the cavity. The effects of the strength and phase of the PA on the mechanical entanglement and EPR steering are analyzed and discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the additional PA can also expand the region of the one-way steering and strengthen the robustness of the entanglement and EPR steering against the thermal noise. The present scheme may provide effective resources for quantum information processing.
We show how to implement stationary one-way quantum steering with strong entanglement in a cavity magnonic system that consists of two magnon modes and a microwave cavity. The cavity is driven by a squeezed vacuum field generated by a flux-driven Josephson parameter amplifier and coupled to two Kittel modes via magnetic dipole interaction. We find that the steering directivity only depends on the ratio of two coupling rates (i.e., the ratio of coherent information exchange frequencies) and is barely affected by the dissipation of the system. Meanwhile, the entanglement and steering can be significantly enhanced due to the squeezed vacuum field and thus are more robust against thermal noises. This provides an active method to manipulate the steering directivity instead of adding asymmetric losses or noises to subsystems at the cost of reducing steerability.
Abstract We consider a three-mode system and show how steering correlations can be created between two modes of the system using the fast dissipation of the third mode. These correlations result in a directional form of entanglement, called quantum or Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering. We illustrate this on examples of the interactions among damped radiation modes in an optomechanical three-mode system. By assuming that one of the modes undergoes fast dissipation, we show that the coupling of that mode to one or two other modes of the system may result in one- or two-way quantum steering. Explicit analytical results are given for the steering parameters. We find that two modes coupled by the parametric-type interaction and damped with the same rates can be entangled but cannot exhibit quantum steering. When, in addition, one of the modes is coupled to a fast damped mode, steering correlations are created and the modes then exhibit one-way steering. The creation of the steering correlations is interpreted in the context of the variances of the quadrature components of the modes that the steering correlations result from an asymmetry in the variances of the quadrature components of the modes induced by the auxiliary mode. It is found that the fluctuations act directionally that quantum steering may occur only when the variance of the steering mode is larger that the variance of the steered mode. The scheme is shown to be quite robust against the thermal excitation of the modes if the fluctuations of the steering mode are larger than the fluctuations of the steered mode.