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arXiv:1812.07992

Observation of Mollow quintuplet in F=3/2 hyperfine structure state of 3He atomic cell

Yuanzhi Zhan, Xiang Peng, Sheng Li, Liang Zhang, Jingbiao Chen, Hong Guo

Published Dec 18, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally observed the Mollow quintuplet (MQ) in F=3/2 hyperfine structure state of 3He atoms. The metastability-exchange collisions (MECs) transfer the Mollow Triplet (MT) from the ground states of 3He atoms to the metastable states, and the MQ is demonstrated by four Zeeman levels of F=3/2 hyperfine states with linearly polarized light. The similar effect also achieves in the mixture cell of 3He and 4He.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1812.07992

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We experimentally observed the Mollow quintuplet (MQ) in F=3/2 hyperfine structure state of 3He atoms. The metastability-exchange collisions (MECs) transfer the Mollow Triplet (MT) from the ground states of 3He atoms to the metastable states, and the MQ is demonstrated by four Zeeman levels of F=3/2 hyperfine states with linearly polarized light. The similar effect also achieves in the mixture cell of 3He and 4He.
We study the dressed states of 3He atoms and experimentally observe the Mollow triplet (MT) induced with an ultra-low-frequency (ULF) oscillating magnetic field as low as 4 Hz. The ULF MT signatures from the ground states of 3He atoms are transferred to the metastable states by metastability-exchange collisions (MECs) and measured optically, which demonstrates 2 s coherence time in the dressed ground states. The result shows the possibility of ULF magnetic field amplitude measurement and a new scheme for optical frequency modulation.
Metastability-exchange collisions (MECs) lie at the heart of metastability-exchange optical pumping (MEOP) in 3He, enabling the transfer of polarization from the metastable state to the ground state, as well as the optical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance. Leveraging MECs, optically pumped 3He nuclear magnetometers have been developed since the earliest demonstrations of MEOP. However, it also induces an additional frequency shift and relaxation of the nuclear spin precession, thereby limiting the sensitivity of the magnetometer. In this work, we identify a new source of frequency shift and relaxation in the 3He nuclear spin, arising from the light shift. This effect arises from an MEC-mediated interaction between light and the nucleon spin. We develop a theoretical model to describe this light-induced effect and highlight its significance in low magnetic fields. This effect is experimentally demonstrated, and its dependence on various parameters -- including magnetic field strength, light intensity, and wavelength -- is investigated. Our result provides a better understanding of the frequency shift and relaxation of 3He spin precession under MEOP conditions. Moreover, our experiment reveals an MEC-mediated coupling between the 3He nuclear spin and light, which may indicate the feasibility of MEC-assisted optical manipulation of 3He nuclear spins at the quantum level, as proposed in several theoretical schemes.
Abstract We present a systematic analysis to explain the observed magnetic resonance spectrum with three or five peaks spaced at Rabi frequency when the metastable 3 He atoms are probed with a transverse circularly or linearly polarized 1083 nm laser beam, respectively. The resonance signals are generated in the ground state of 3 He atoms, dressed by a resonant magnetic field, and transferred to the metastable state by collisions. The triplet spectrum is thought to be the result of the linear coupling between the metastable state and the ground state, while the quintuplet is thought to be that of the nonlinear coupling, and indicates that higher-order atomic polarization is created during the atomic collisions. More features of the magnetic resonance signals are investigated.
Highly polarized 3He ensembles prepared by metastability-exchange optical pumping (MEOP) have been widely used in precision measurements and fundamental physics. Metastability-exchange (ME) collisions, serving as the basis of MEOP, are traditionally described in terms of atomic orientation, while the significant contributions of metastable alignment tensor at high polarization remain unexplored. In this work, we develop a linearized model under mean-field approximation to investigate alignment tensor effects in highly polarized 3He , which originate from the metastable F = 3/2 manifold and are revealed through ME-induced relaxation and frequency shift. By means of free-induction-decay (FID) measurements, a pronounced dependence on nuclear polarization is experimentally observed in the response of the ground-state-metastable hybrid 3He ensembles to the external magnetic field. Furthermore, after obtaining the characteristics of tensor-induced phenomena, we demonstrate good agreement between the experiment and the theory. This work advances the understanding of nuclear spin dynamics in highly polarized 3He using MEOP. It further provides applications in systematic error correction of high-accuracy magnetometry, as well as in optimal protocol for the generation of nuclear spin-squeezed states.
Highly polarized 3He ensembles prepared by metastability-exchange optical pumping (MEOP) have been widely used in precision measurements and fundamental physics. Metastability-exchange (ME) collisions, serving as the basis of MEOP, are traditionally described in terms of atomic orientation, while the significant contributions of metastable alignment tensor at high polarization remain unexplored. In this work, we develop a linearized model under mean-field approximation to investigate alignment tensor effects in highly polarized 3He, which originate from the metastable F = 3/2 manifold and are revealed through ME-induced relaxation and frequency shift. By means of free-induction-decay measurements, a pronounced dependence on nuclear polarization is experimentally observed in the response of the ground-state-metastable hybrid 3He ensembles to the external magnetic field. Furthermore, after obtaining the characteristics of tensor-induced phenomena, we demonstrate good agreement between the experiment and the theory. This work advances the understanding of nuclear spin dynamics in highly polarized 3He using MEOP. It further provides applications in systematic error correction of high-accuracy magnetometry, as well as in optimal protocol for the generation of nuclear spin-squeezed states.