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arXiv:1812.05973 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Renormalization group flows for Wilson-Hubbard matter and the topological Hamiltonian

Emanuele Tirrito, Matteo Rizzi, Germán Sierra, Maciej Lewenstein, A. Bermúdez

Published Mar 6, 2019• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Understanding the robustness of topological phases of matter in the presence of interactions poses a difficult challenge in modern condensed matter, showing interesting connections to high-energy physics. In this work, we leverage these connections to present a complete analysis of the continuum long-wavelength description of a generic class of correlated topological insulators: Wilson-Hubbard topological matter. We show that a Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) approach, combined with the so-called topological Hamiltonian, provide a quantitative route to understand interaction-induced topological phase transitions that occur in Wilson-Hubbard matter. We benchmark two-loop RG predictions for a quasi-1D Wilson-Hubbard model by means of exhaustive numerical simulations based on matrix product states (MPS). The agreement of the RG predictions with MPS simulations motivates the extension of the RG calculations to higher-dimensional topological insulators.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.99.125106

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Understanding the robustness of topological phases of matter in the presence of interactions poses a difficult challenge in modern condensed matter, showing interesting connections to high-energy physics. In this work, we leverage these connections to present a complete analysis of the continuum long-wavelength description of a generic class of correlated topological insulators: Wilson-Hubbard topological matter. We show that a Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) approach, combined with the so-called topological Hamiltonian, provide a quantitative route to understand interaction-induced topological phase transitions that occur in Wilson-Hubbard matter. We benchmark two-loop RG predictions for a quasi-1D Wilson-Hubbard model by means of exhaustive numerical simulations based on matrix product states (MPS). The agreement of the RG predictions with MPS simulations motivates the extension of the RG calculations to higher-dimensional topological insulators.
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Exploring and understanding topological phases in systems with strong distributed disorder requires developing fundamentally new approaches to replace traditional tools such as topological band theory. Here, we present a general real-space renormalization group (RG) approach for scattering models, which is capable of dealing with strong distributed disorder without relying on the renormalization of Hamiltonians or wave functions. Such scheme, based on a block-scattering transformation combined with a replica strategy, is applied for a comprehensive study of strongly disordered unitary scattering networks with localized bulk states, uncovering a connection between topological physics and critical behavior. Our RG scheme leads to topological flow diagrams that unveil how the microscopic competition between reflection and non-reciprocity leads to the large-scale emergence of macroscopic scattering attractors, corresponding to trivial and topological insulators. Our findings are confirmed by a scaling analysis of the localization length (LL) and critical exponents, and experimentally validated. The results not only shed light on the fundamental understanding of topological phase transitions and scaling properties in strongly disordered regimes, but also pave the way for practical applications in modern topological condensed-matter and photonics, where disorder may be seen as a useful design degree of freedom, and no longer as a hindrance.
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The recently introduced topological quantum chemistry (TQC) framework has provided a description of universal topological properties of all possible band insulators in all space groups based on crystalline unitary symmetries and time reversal. While this formalism filled the gap between the mathematical classification and the practical diagnosis of topological materials, an obvious limitation is that it only applies to weakly interacting systems, which can be described within band theory. It is an open question to which extent this formalism can be generalized to correlated systems that can exhibit symmetry-protected topological phases which are not adiabatically connected to any band insulator. In this work, we address the many facets of this question by considering the specific example of an extended version of a Hubbard diamond chain. This model features a Mott insulator, a trivial insulating phase, and an obstructed atomic limit phase. Here we first discuss the nature of the Mott insulator and determine the phase diagram and topology of the interacting model with infinite density matrix renormalization group calculations, variational Monte Carlo simulations, and with many-body topological invariants. We then proceed by considering a generalization of the TQC formalism to Green's functions combined with the concept of a topological Hamiltonian to identify the topological nature of the phases. Here we use cluster perturbation theory to calculate the Green's functions. The results are benchmarked with the above-determined phase diagram, and we discuss the applicability and limitations of the approach and its possible extensions in the diagnosis of topological phases in materials, in contrast to the use of many-body topological invariants.
Interaction effects have been a subject of contemporary interest in topological phases of matter. But in the presence of interactions, the accurate determination of topological invariants in their general form is difficult due to their dependence on multiple integrals containing Green's functions and their derivatives. Here we employ the recently proposed ``effective topological Hamiltonian'' approach to explore interaction-induced topological phases in the time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter-Hubbard model. Within this approach, the zero-frequency part of the self-energy is sufficient to determine the correct topological invariant. We combine the topological Hamiltonian approach with the local self-energy approximation, both for the static and the full dynamical self-energy evaluated using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), and present the resulting phase diagram in the presence of many-body interactions. We investigate the emergence of quantum spin Hall (QSH) states for different interaction strengths by calculating the Z2{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}Z2​ invariant. The interplay of strong correlations and a staggered potential also induces magnetic long-range order with an associated first order transition. We present results for the staggered magnetization (ms{m}_{s}ms​), staggered occupancy (ns{n}_{s}ns​), and double occupancy across the transition.