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arXiv:1812.04833

Attractive polaron in a Dirac system within the ladder approximation

Chen-Huan Wu

Published Dec 12, 2018• 5 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the properties of the attractive polaron formed by a single impurity dressed with the particle-hole excitations in a Dirac system at zero-temperature limit. Base on the single particle-hole variational ansatz, we deduce the expressions of the pair propagator, self-energy (negative), and the non-self-consistent medium $T$-matrix. Different to the self-consistent $T$-matrix which contains two channels due to the many-body effect, the non-self-consistent $T$-matrix discussed in this paper contains only the closed channel (i.e., the bare one) since we consider only a finite number of the majority particles. The chiral factor is also discussed within the pair propagator due to the scattering feature of the Dirac system (with a certain scattering angle $a$), and we found that the fluctuation of the pair propagator is proportional to the term ${\rm cos}\ a$. Finally, we also discuss the particle spectral function of the polaron in the presence of quantum many-body effect as well as the pair-propagator at finite temperature.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1812.04833

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We investigate the properties of the attractive polaron formed by a single impurity dressed with the particle-hole excitations in a Dirac system at zero-temperature limit. Base on the single particle-hole variational ansatz, we deduce the expressions of the pair propagator, self-energy (negative), and the non-self-consistent medium TTT-matrix. Different to the self-consistent TTT-matrix which contains two channels due to the many-body effect, the non-self-consistent TTT-matrix discussed in this paper contains only the closed channel (i.e., the bare one) since we consider only a finite number of the majority particles. The chiral factor is also discussed within the pair propagator due to the scattering feature of the Dirac system (with a certain scattering angle aaa), and we found that the fluctuation of the pair propagator is proportional to the term cos a{\rm cos}\ acos a. Finally, we also discuss the particle spectral function of the polaron in the presence of quantum many-body effect as well as the pair-propagator at finite temperature.
We investigate the properties of the attractive polaron formed by a single impurity dressed with the particle-hole excitations in a two-dimensional semi-Dirac system both analytically and numerically, which to our knowledge not being studied before. The pair propagator, self-energy, spectral function are detailly calculated and discussed. The method of medium T-matrix approximation (non-self-consistent), which equivalent to the partially dressed interaction vertex by summing over all ladder diagrams, is applied, and compared with some other methods (for the many-body problem), like the leading-order 1/N expansion (GW approximation), Hartree-Fock theory, and the Nozieres-Schmitt-Rink theory. And since we foucs on the weak-coupling region, the mean-field approximation is indeed applicable and accurate.
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An extremely polarized mixture of an ultracold Fermi gas is expected to reduce to a Fermi polaron system, which consists of a single impurity immersed in the Fermi sea of majority atoms. By developing a many-body T -matrix theory, we investigate spectral properties of the polarized mixture in experimentally relevant regimes in which the system of finite impurity concentration at nonzero temperature is concerned. We explicitly demonstrate presence of polaron physics in the polarized limit and discuss effects of many polarons in an intermediate regime in a selfconsistent manner. By analyzing the spectral function at finite impurity concentration, we extract the attractive and repulsive polaron energies. We find that a renormalization of majority atoms via an interaction with minority atoms and a thermal depletion of the impurity chemical potential are of significance to depict the many-polaron regime.
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The Fermi polaron, formed by an impurity interacting with a surrounding Fermi sea, exemplifies the canonical quasiparticle concept as a cornerstone in our description of quantum many-body systems across a wide range of energy scales. Experiments on atomic quantum gases have provided profound insights into the universal nature of the Fermi polaron. While most previous studies have focused on the case of zero impurity momentum, finite-momentum properties have remained largely uncharted. Here, we investigate the moving Fermi polaron by combining a novel Raman acceleration scheme with high-precision radio-frequency spectroscopy, exploring the quasiparticle dispersion relation over a wide range of momenta. We compare our measurements of energy shifts and spectral linewidths with a microscopic theory and reach quantitative agreement for all momenta. For low momenta, we find the energy of the moving polaron to be fully consistent with the Fermi liquid picture of a dressed particle with a constant effective mass. At high momenta, the polaron approaches the behavior of a weakly interacting bare particle, featuring small energy shifts and weak broadening. For intermediate momenta, broadening is generally larger and, most strikingly, the behavior differs for attractive and repulsive polarons. While the repulsive polaron exhibits a smooth connection between both regimes along with a monotonic change of the energy shift, the attractive case shows a peculiar non-monotonic behavior. With increasing momentum, the attractive polaron enters a regime where its energy deviates from the constant effective mass expression and broadening suddenly increases. By comparing this observation with theory, we show that this abrupt behavior coincides with the attractive polaron entering a molecule-hole continuum, where it is no longer the ground state. We interpret this as a motion-induced polaron-molecule transition.