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arXiv:1812.02157

Spatial distribution of atoms in the field of the criss-cross standing bichromatic light waves

V. I. Romanenko, Nataliya V. Kornilovska, O. G. Udovytska, Леонід Петрович Яценко

Published Dec 5, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract

We show that properly detuning the carrier frequency of each of the criss-cross bichromatic waves from the transition frequency of the atom, it is possible to form a two-dimensional trap for atoms if the intensity of the waves is sufficiently large. For zero and near zero initial phases of waves, and also for $π$ and near $π$ phase shift between criss-cross waves a dynamic spatial structure of square cells with the side $λ/\sqrt{2}$ is formed. Numerical simulations are carried out for sodium atoms.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1812.02157

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We show that properly detuning the carrier frequency of each of the criss-cross bichromatic waves from the transition frequency of the atom, it is possible to form a two-dimensional trap for atoms if the intensity of the waves is sufficiently large. For zero and near zero initial phases of waves, and also for πππ and near πππ phase shift between criss-cross waves a dynamic spatial structure of square cells with the side λ/2λ/\sqrt{2}λ/2​ is formed. Numerical simulations are carried out for sodium atoms.
We have shown that, by properly detuning the carrier frequencies in each of two perpendicularly intersecting bichromatic waves from the atomic transition frequency, it is possible to create a two-dimensional trap for atoms, if the wave intensities are sufficiently high. At the zero and near-zero values of the initial wave phases, as well as at the phase shift between the intersecting waves equal to п or close to п values, the dynamic spatial patterns of atoms consisting of square cells with the side length equal to л/√2 are formed. Numerical simulations were carried out for sodium atoms.
It has been shown that the field of counter-propagating bichromatic light waves can form a one-dimension trap for atoms. The confinement of an ensemble of atoms in the trap and their simultaneous cooling to a temperature close to the Doppler cooling limit can be achieved without using auxiliary fields, by properly choosing the detuning of monochromatic components from the atomic transition frequency. The specific numerical simulation is carried out for sodium atoms. A possible application of such a trap for the confinement and the cooling of molecules with an almost diagonal array of Franck–Condon factors is discussed.
We have observed periodic structures of atoms when a bichromatic laser combination, with frequencies near the D1D1D1 and D2D2D2 lines, is used to produce a magneto-optical trap of sodium atoms. These periodic spatial distributions could not be explained on the basis of rectified force. Our interpretation relies on a possible spatial modulation of the damping and spring constants, resulting from the interference between the two atomic transitions.
We study the dynamics of atomic waves in a two-dimensional light crystal formed by two crossed standing laser fields. The longitudinal modulation of the crystal with the Doppler frequency significantly influences the transversal spatial modulation of the atomic wave. Near the doppleron resonance the atomic density shows a fractional space period. In this case a normally incident wave gives rise to an almost perfect conversion into the first momentum components and the light crystal acts as a highly efficient beamsplitter. The crossing angle, determining the Doppler frequency, is the easy-to-control parameter of the system.
The stationary momentum and coordinate distributions of two-level atoms in the field of a one-dimensional standing light wave have been studied. A qualitatively new effect—the predominant concentration of atoms outside of the minima of the optical potential—has been detected in the regime of moderate saturation of an atomic transition and red frequency detuning. This effect has been qualitatively interpreted. Calculations have been performed using the quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix with the complete inclusion of recoil and localization effects in an arbitrary-intensity light field. In addition to theoretical significance, the results can be useful for atomic nanolithography and frequency standards based on optical gratings.
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