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arXiv:1812.01284 · Physical Review A

Interaction modulation in a long-lived Bose-Einstein condensate by rf coupling

Kosuke Shibata, Aki Torii, Hitoshi Shibayama, Yujiro Eto, Hiroki Saito, Takuya Hirano

Published Jan 24, 2019• 13 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate modulation of the effective interaction between the magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine spin $F=1$ in a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ Bose-Einstein condensate by Rabi coupling with radio-frequency (rf) field. The use of the $F=1$ manifold enables us to observe the long-term evolution of the system owing to the absence of inelastic collisional losses. We observe that the evolution of the density distribution reflects the change in the effective interaction between atoms due to rf coupling. We also realize a miscibility-to-immiscibility transition in the magnetic sublevels of $m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ by quenching the rf field. Rf-induced interaction modulation in long-lived states as demonstrated here will facilitate the study of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.013622

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We demonstrate modulation of the effective interaction between the magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine spin F=1F=1F=1 in a 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate by Rabi coupling with radio-frequency (rf) field. The use of the F=1F=1F=1 manifold enables us to observe the long-term evolution of the system owing to the absence of inelastic collisional losses. We observe that the evolution of the density distribution reflects the change in the effective interaction between atoms due to rf coupling. We also realize a miscibility-to-immiscibility transition in the magnetic sublevels of m=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1m=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1 by quenching the rf field. Rf-induced interaction modulation in long-lived states as demonstrated here will facilitate the study of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems.
Bose-Einstein condensates present to us the opportunity to probe into the atomic interac- tions that govern a macroscopic quantum mechanical system. The degenerate hyperfine manifold in the bosonic atoms splits in the presence of an external B-field; radio-frequency induced coupling releases experimentally-attainable knowledge about the Zeeman mani- fold in 87Rb. The purpose of this study is to investigate quantum dynamics in two and three-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) systems. We start with a theoretical analysis of Josephson tunneling dynamics between identical BECs trapped in a double potential well, paying particular attention to the non-linear self-trapping effect observed as a consequence of the intra-well interaction. We present a model for the non-equilibrium dynamics in a two-level system and introduce the Rabi oscillations. This is followed by a numerical and experimental investigation of Rabi oscillations in a three-level 87Rb BEC between the F = 1 hyperfine level spin states mF = {1, 0, 1}. The relation between the observed total Rabi frequency and the detuning, along with its effect on the BEC population dynamics is explored. Finally, we explore the possible suspects for the shift of the resonance at strong Rabi frequencies .
We study the effect of strong radio-frequency (rf) fields on a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of chromium atoms, in a regime where the rf frequency is much larger than the Larmor frequency. We use the modification of the Land\'e factor by the rf field to bring all Zeeman states to degeneracy, despite the presence of a static magnetic field of up to 100mG100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mG}100mG. This is demonstrated by analyzing the trajectories of the atoms under the influence of dressed magnetic potentials in the strong-field regime. We investigate the problem of adiabaticity of the rf dressing process and relate it to how close the dressed states are to degeneracy. Finally, we measure the lifetime of the rf dressed BECs and identify a rf-assisted two-body loss process induced by dipole-dipole interactions.
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We study a spin-orbit (SO)-coupled hyperfine spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a quasi-one-dimensional trap. For an SO-coupled BEC in a one-dimensional box, we show that in the absence of the Rabi term, any nonzero value of SO coupling will result in a phase separation among the components for a ferromagnetic BEC, like 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. On the other hand, SO coupling favors miscibility in a polar BEC, like 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na. In the presence of a harmonic trap, which favors miscibility, a ferromagnetic BEC phase separates, provided that the SO-coupling strength and number of atoms are greater than some critical value. The Rabi term favors miscibility irrespective of the nature of the spin interaction: ferromagnetic or polar.
We study the dynamics of a magnetically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an external electromagnetic-field coupling trapped, untrapped, and antitrapped Zeeman sublevels. For large condensates an approximate analytical solution of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations is given in the regime of strong outcoupling. The theory is developed for the cases of rf outcoupling within a hyperfine manifold of states, microwave outcoupling connecting states in two different hyperfine manifolds, and Raman outcoupling.