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arXiv:1811.07777 · Physical Review Letters

Transform-Limited Photons From a Coherent Tin-Vacancy Spin in Diamond

Matthew E. Trusheim, Benjamin Pingault, Noel Wan, Mustafa Gündoğan, Lorenzo De Santis, Romain Debroux, Dorian A. Gangloff, Carola M. Purser, Kevin C. Chen, Michael E. Walsh, Joshua J. Rose, Jonas N. Becker, Benjamin Lienhard, Eric A. Bersin, Ioannis Paradeisanos, Gang Wang, Dominika Lyzwa, Alejandro R.‐P. Montblanch, Girish Malladi, H. Bakhru, Andrea Carlo Ferrari, Ian A. Walmsley, Mete Atatüre, Dirk Englund

Published Jan 14, 2020• 199 citations

Abstract

Solid-state quantum emitters that couple coherent optical transitions to long-lived spin qubits are essential for quantum networks. Here we report on the spin and optical properties of individual tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond nanostructures. Through cryogenic magneto-optical and spin spectroscopy, we verify the inversion-symmetric electronic structure of the SnV, identify spin-conserving and spin-flipping transitions, characterize transition linewidths, measure electron spin lifetimes, and evaluate the spin dephasing time. We find that the optical transitions are consistent with the radiative lifetime limit even in nanofabricated structures. The spin lifetime is phonon limited with an exponential temperature scaling leading to T_{1}>10 ms, and the coherence time, T_{2}^{*} reaches the nuclear spin-bath limit upon cooling to 2.9 K. These spin properties exceed those of other inversion-symmetric color centers for which similar values require millikelvin temperatures. With a combination of coherent optical transitions and long spin coherence without dilution refrigeration, the SnV is a promising candidate for feasable and scalable quantum networking applications.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023602

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Solid-state quantum emitters that couple coherent optical transitions to long-lived spin qubits are essential for quantum networks. Here we report on the spin and optical properties of individual tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond nanostructures. Through cryogenic magneto-optical and spin spectroscopy, we verify the inversion-symmetric electronic structure of the SnV, identify spin-conserving and spin-flipping transitions, characterize transition linewidths, measure electron spin lifetimes, and evaluate the spin dephasing time. We find that the optical transitions are consistent with the radiative lifetime limit even in nanofabricated structures. The spin lifetime is phonon limited with an exponential temperature scaling leading to T_{1}>10 ms, and the coherence time, T_{2}^{*} reaches the nuclear spin-bath limit upon cooling to 2.9 K. These spin properties exceed those of other inversion-symmetric color centers for which similar values require millikelvin temperatures. With a combination of coherent optical transitions and long spin coherence without dilution refrigeration, the SnV is a promising candidate for feasable and scalable quantum networking applications.

Solid-state quantum emitters that couple coherent optical transitions to long-lived spin states are essential for quantum networks. Here we report on the spin and optical properties of single tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond nanostructures. Through magneto-optical spectroscopy at 4 K, we verify the inversion-symmetric electronic structure of the SnV, identify spin-conserving and spin-flipping transitions, characterize transition linewidths, and measure electron spin lifetimes. We find that the optical transitions are consistent with the radiative lifetime limit and that the spin lifetimes are longer than for other inversion-symmetric color centers under similar conditions. These properties indicate that the SnV is a promising candidate for quantum optics and quantum networking applications.

Building quantum networks requires efficient coupling of solid-state quantum emitters to photonic devices. Tinvacancy center (SnV) has attracted much interest for having long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 K. Employing SnV as an optically addressable qubit requires integration with photonic structures to both route the emitted photons and enhance the light-matter interaction. We present incorporation of high-quality SnV centers with narrow linewidths in suspended diamond waveguides. Furthermore, we fabricate photonic crystal cavities in diamond with embedded SnV centers. We observe strong intensity enhancement of the photon emission when the cavity is resonant with the color center. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm that this effect is due to radiative Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission. Finally, we demonstrate Stark tuning of transition frequency of SnV centers, essential for multiemitter applications. These results are a significant step toward color-center-based quantum information processing applications without the need for dilution refrigerators.

Quantum emitters in diamond are a promising candidate for quantum network applications. Here, we show basic properties of tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond, which we recently discovered. The SnV center shows a sharp zero phonon line and a high fluorescence intensity. The SnV center has a possibility to have a long spin coherence time in the Kelvin temperature range, in contrast to other group-IV color centers, i.e. silicon-vacancy and germanium-vacancy centers. We discuss important experiments regarding spin and optical properties of the SnV quantum emitter for further development towards quantum network.

Color centers in diamond have attracted much interest as candidates for optically active, solid-state quantum bits. Of particular interest are inversion-symmetric color centers based on group-IV impurities in diamond because they emit strongly into their zero-phonon lines and are insensitive to electric field noise to first order. Early studies of the negatively charged tin-vacancy (${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) center in diamond have found the ${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to be a promising candidate: it has high quantum efficiency, emits strongly into its zero-phonon lines, and is expected to have a long

{T}_{2}

spin coherence time at 4 K. To develop the ${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ into a spin qubit requires further characterization, especially of the spin and optical properties of individual ${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in nanofabricated structures. In this work, we isolate single ${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers in diamond nanopillars and characterize their emission properties and their spin response to a magnetic field. We observe narrow emission linewidths

<250

MHz, as well as a strong polarization dependence of each transition. We also find the Zeeman splitting under a magnetic field to be in good agreement with theoretical prediction. Our results pave the way toward future employment of single ${\mathrm{SnV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers as optically accessible quantum memories.

Group-IV color centers in diamond are a promising light-matter interface for quantum networking devices.The negatively charged tin-vacancy center (SnV) is particularly interesting, as its large spin-orbit coupling offers strong protection against phonon dephasing and robust cyclicity of its optical transitions toward spin-photon-entanglement schemes.Here, we demonstrate multiaxis coherent control of the SnV spin qubit via an all-optical stimulated Raman drive between the ground and excited states.We use coherent population trapping and optically driven electronic spin resonance to confirm coherent access to the qubit at 1.7 K and obtain spin Rabi oscillations at a rate of Ω=2π ¼ 19.0ð1Þ MHz.All-optical Ramsey interferometry reveals a spin dephasing time of T Ã 2 ¼ 1.3ð3Þ μs, and four-pulse dynamical decoupling already extends the spin-coherence time to T 2 ¼ 0.30ð8Þ ms.Combined with transform-limited photons and integration into photonic nanostructures, our results make the SnV a competitive spin-photon building block for quantum networks.

The realization of quantum networks critically depends on establishing efficient, coherent light-matter interfaces. Optically active spins in diamond have emerged as promising quantum nodes based on their spin-selective optical transitions, long-lived spin ground states, and potential for integration with nanophotonics. Tin-vacancy (SnV

^{\,\textrm{-}}

) centers in diamond are of particular interest because they exhibit narrow-linewidth emission in nanostructures and possess long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 K. However, a nanophotonic interface for SnV

^{\,\textrm{-}}

centers has not yet been realized. Here, we report cavity enhancement of the emission of SnV

^{\,\textrm{-}}

centers in diamond. We integrate SnV

^{\,\textrm{-}}

centers into one-dimensional photonic crystal resonators and observe a 40-fold increase in emission intensity. The Purcell factor of the coupled system is 25, resulting in channeling of the majority of photons (

90\%

) into the cavity mode. Our results pave the way for the creation of efficient, scalable spin-photon interfaces based on SnV

^{\,\textrm{-}}

centers in diamond.