Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1811.07291 · Physical Review A

Experimental demonstration of the validity of the quantum heat-exchange fluctuation relation in an NMR setup

Soham Pal, T. S. Mahesh, Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Published Oct 24, 2019• 37 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We experimentally explore the validity of the Jarzynski and W\'ojcik quantum heat-exchange fluctuation relation by implementing an interferometric technique in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance setup and study the heat-exchange statistics between two coupled spin-1/2 quantum systems. We experimentally emulate two models---(i) the XY-coupling model, containing an energy conserving interaction between the qubits, and (ii) the XX-coupling model---and analyze the regimes of validity and violation of the fluctuation symmetry when the composite system is prepared in an uncorrelated initial state with individual spins prepared in local Gibbs thermal states at different temperatures. We further extend our analysis for heat exchange by incorporating correlation in the initial state. We support our experimental findings by providing exact analytical results. Our experimental approach is general and can be systematically extended to study heat statistics for more complex out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.042119

Related papers

Quantum heat fluctuation theorem

P. S. Pal, Sourabh Lahiri, A. M. Jayannavar

Two fundamental ingredients play a decisive role in the foundations of fluctuation relations-the principle of micro-reversibility and the fact that thermal equilibrium is described by Gibbs canonical ensemble. Here we investigate the statistics of heat exchange between quantum finite system coupled to two reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc in the transient regime. We have obtained an analytical result for quantum heat fluctuation theorem in the transient regime. We consider a composite system consisting of two different heat baths at different temperatures with an intervening medium(system of interest). The system of interest is driven by an external protocol. For our study we invoke von Neumann two point projective measurement in quantum mechanics. Our result is a generalisation of Jarzynski-Wojcik heat fluctuation theorem.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations

Experimental validation of fully quantum fluctuation theorems

Kaonan Micadei, John P. S. Peterson, Alexandre M. Souza +5 more

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here experimentally verify detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange using two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We confirm, in particular, individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. These refined formulations of the second law are important for the investigation of fully quantum features in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

•Dec 11, 2020•2 citations

Experimental Validation of Fully Quantum Fluctuation Theorems Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

Kaonan Micadei, John P. S. Peterson, Alexandre M. Souza +5 more

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here apply a novel dynamic Bayesian network approach to experimentally test detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange between two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We concretely verify individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. We further investigate the thermodynamic cost of creating correlations and coherence.

arXiv:2012.06294•Physical Review Letters•Oct 29, 2021•37 citations

Fluctuation relations for heat exchange in the generalized Gibbs ensemble

Bo-Bo Wei

In this work, we investigate the heat exchange between two quantum systems whose initial equilibrium states are described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble. First, we generalize the fluctuation relations for heat exchange discovered by Jarzynski and Wójcik to quantum systems prepared in the equilibrium states described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble at various generalized temperatures. Secondly, we extend the connections between heat exchange and the Rényi divergences to quantum systems under generic initial conditions. These relations are applicable for quantum systems with conserved quantities and universally valid for quantum systems in the integrable and chaotic regimes.

arXiv:1711.07139•Frontiers of Physics•Sep 12, 2018•0 citations

Heat exchange and fluctuation in Gaussian thermal states in the quantum realm

A. R. Usha Devi, Sudha, A. K. Rajagopal +1 more

Abstract The celebrated exchange fluctuation theorem—proposed by Jarzynski and Wójcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 230602) for heat exchange between two systems in thermal equilibrium at different temperatures—is explored here for quantum Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium. We employ the Wigner distribution function formalism for quantum states, which exhibits a close resemblance to the classical phase-space trajectory description, to arrive at a formal Jarzynski–Wójcik result. For two Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium at two different temperatures kept in contact with each other for a fixed duration of time, we show that the Jarzynski–Wójcik- like relation reduces to the corresponding classical result in the limit ℏ → 0.

arXiv:2007.04255•Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment•Feb 1, 2021•0 citations

Transient exchange fluctuation theorems for heat using a Hamiltonian framework: Classical and quantum regimes

P. S. Pal, Sourabh Lahiri, A. M. Jayannavar

We investigate the statistics of heat exchange between a finite system coupled to reservoir(s). We have obtained analytical results for heat fluctuation theorems in the transient regime considering the Hamiltonian dynamics of the composite system consisting of the system of interest and the heat bath(s). The system of interest is driven by an external protocol. We first derive it in the context of a single heat bath. The result is in exact agreement with known result. We then generalize the treatment to two heat baths. We further extend the study to quantum systems and show that relations similar to the classical case hold in the quantum regime. For our study we invoke von Neumann two-point projective measurement in quantum mechanics in the transient regime. The study of quantum systems follows the same lines of argument as that of the classical system, and as a result the treatment used in the latter complements that used in the former. Our result is a generalization of Jarzynski-Wòjcik heat fluctuation theorem.

arXiv:1608.05965•Physical review. E•Apr 14, 2017•6 citations
We experimentally explore the validity of the Jarzynski and W'ojcik quantum heat-exchange fluctuation relation by implementing an interferometric technique in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance setup and study the heat-exchange statistics between two coupled spin-1/2 quantum systems. We experimentally emulate two models---(i) the XY-coupling model, containing an energy conserving interaction between the qubits, and (ii) the XX-coupling model---and analyze the regimes of validity and violation of the fluctuation symmetry when the composite system is prepared in an uncorrelated initial state with individual spins prepared in local Gibbs thermal states at different temperatures. We further extend our analysis for heat exchange by incorporating correlation in the initial state. We support our experimental findings by providing exact analytical results. Our experimental approach is general and can be systematically extended to study heat statistics for more complex out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems.
Two fundamental ingredients play a decisive role in the foundations of fluctuation relations-the principle of micro-reversibility and the fact that thermal equilibrium is described by Gibbs canonical ensemble. Here we investigate the statistics of heat exchange between quantum finite system coupled to two reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc in the transient regime. We have obtained an analytical result for quantum heat fluctuation theorem in the transient regime. We consider a composite system consisting of two different heat baths at different temperatures with an intervening medium(system of interest). The system of interest is driven by an external protocol. For our study we invoke von Neumann two point projective measurement in quantum mechanics. Our result is a generalisation of Jarzynski-Wojcik heat fluctuation theorem.
Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here experimentally verify detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange using two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We confirm, in particular, individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. These refined formulations of the second law are important for the investigation of fully quantum features in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here apply a novel dynamic Bayesian network approach to experimentally test detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange between two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We concretely verify individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. We further investigate the thermodynamic cost of creating correlations and coherence.
In this work, we investigate the heat exchange between two quantum systems whose initial equilibrium states are described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble. First, we generalize the fluctuation relations for heat exchange discovered by Jarzynski and Wójcik to quantum systems prepared in the equilibrium states described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble at various generalized temperatures. Secondly, we extend the connections between heat exchange and the Rényi divergences to quantum systems under generic initial conditions. These relations are applicable for quantum systems with conserved quantities and universally valid for quantum systems in the integrable and chaotic regimes.
Abstract The celebrated exchange fluctuation theorem—proposed by Jarzynski and Wójcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 230602) for heat exchange between two systems in thermal equilibrium at different temperatures—is explored here for quantum Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium. We employ the Wigner distribution function formalism for quantum states, which exhibits a close resemblance to the classical phase-space trajectory description, to arrive at a formal Jarzynski–Wójcik result. For two Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium at two different temperatures kept in contact with each other for a fixed duration of time, we show that the Jarzynski–Wójcik- like relation reduces to the corresponding classical result in the limit ℏ → 0.
We investigate the statistics of heat exchange between a finite system coupled to reservoir(s). We have obtained analytical results for heat fluctuation theorems in the transient regime considering the Hamiltonian dynamics of the composite system consisting of the system of interest and the heat bath(s). The system of interest is driven by an external protocol. We first derive it in the context of a single heat bath. The result is in exact agreement with known result. We then generalize the treatment to two heat baths. We further extend the study to quantum systems and show that relations similar to the classical case hold in the quantum regime. For our study we invoke von Neumann two-point projective measurement in quantum mechanics in the transient regime. The study of quantum systems follows the same lines of argument as that of the classical system, and as a result the treatment used in the latter complements that used in the former. Our result is a generalization of Jarzynski-Wòjcik heat fluctuation theorem.