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arXiv:1811.06816 · Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation

Phase-separated vortex-lattice in a rotating binary Bose–Einstein condensate

Sadhan K. Adhikari

Published Nov 27, 2018• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.cnsns.2018.11.019

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We study vortex lattices in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) under rotation, where three kinds of fractional vortices winding one of three components are present. Unlike the cases of two-component BECs where the phases of square and triangular lattices are present depending on the intercomponent coupling constant and the rotation speed, we find triangular ordered ``colorful'' vortex lattices where three kinds of fractional vortices are placed in order without defects, in all parameter regions where the intercomponent coupling ${g}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is less than the intracomponent coupling ggg. When $g>{g}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ on the other hand, we find the phase separation: In a region where one component is present, the other two components must vanish, where we find ghost vortices in these two components whose positions are separated. In the boundary $g={g}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, the accidental U(3) symmetry is present, in which case two vortices in different components are close to each other in some regions.
In the last decade, considerable advances have been made in the investigation of dipolar quantum gases. Previous theoretical investigations of a rotating binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, where only one component possesses dipole moment, were mainly focused on two special orientations of the dipoles: perpendicular or parallel to the plane of motion. Here we study the ground-state and rotational properties of such a system for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles. We demonstrate the ground-state vortex structures depend strongly on the relative strength between dipolar and contact interactions and the rotation frequency, as well as on the orientation of the dipoles. In the absence of rotation, the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to induce the squeezing or expansion of the cloud, and to derive the phase transition between phase coexistence and separation. Under finite rotation, the system is found to exhibit exotic ground-state vortex configurations, such as kernel-shell, vortex necklace, and compensating stripe vortex structures. We also check the validity of the Feynman relation, and find no significant deviations from it. The obtained results open up alternate ways for the quantum control of dipolar quantum gases.
The combination of multi-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids. In this paper, we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose–Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole. By adjusting the ratio between the inter-species and intra-species interactions, and the locations of the phase singularities, the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures, crescent-gibbous structures, Matryoshka-like structures, sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear, and the phase diagrams are obtained. The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties, including the penetration of vortex dipoles, emergence of halfvortex dipoles, co-rotation of sectors, and oscillation between sectors. The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed, which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.