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arXiv:1810.11431 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Every entangled state provides an advantage in classical communication

S. Bäuml, Andreas Winter, D. Yang

Published Jul 1, 2019• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the use of noisy entanglement as a resource in classical communication via a quantum channel. In particular, we are interested in the question whether for any entangled state, including bound entangled states, there exists a quantum channel, the classical capacity of which can be increased by providing the state as an additional resource. We partially answer this question by showing, for any entangled state, the existence of a quantum memory channel, the feedback-assisted classical capacity with product encodings of which can be increased by using the state as a resource. Using a different (memoryless) channel construction, we also provide a sufficient entropic condition for an advantage in classical communication (without feedback and for general encodings) and thus provide an example of a state that is not distillable by means of one-way local operations and classical communication but can provide an advantage in the classical capacity of a number of quantum channels. As separable states cannot provide an advantage in classical communication, our condition also provides an entropic entanglement witness.

DOI
10.1063/1.5091856

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In Shannon information theory the capacity of a memoryless communication channel cannot be increased by the use of feedback from receiver to sender. In this paper the use of classical feedback is shown to provide no increase in the unassisted classical capacity of a memoryless quantum channel when feedback is used across non-entangled input states, or when the channel is an entanglement--breaking channel. This gives a generalization of the Shannon theory for certain classes of feedback protocols when transmitting through noisy quantum communication channels.
We give a capacity formula for the classical information transmission over a noisy quantum channel, with separable encoding by the sender and limited resources provided by the receiver's preshared ancilla. Instead of a pure state, we consider the signal-ancilla pair in a mixed state, purified by a "witness." Thus, the signal-witness correlation limits the resource available from the signal-ancilla correlation. Our formula characterizes the utility of different forms of resources, including noisy or limited entanglement assistance, for classical communication. With separable encoding, the sender's signals across multiple channel uses are still allowed to be entangled, yet our capacity formula is additive. In particular, for generalized covariant channels, our capacity formula has a simple closed form. Moreover, our additive capacity formula upper bounds the general coherent attack's information gain in various two-way quantum key distribution protocols. For Gaussian protocols, the additivity of the formula indicates that the collective Gaussian attack is the most powerful.
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