Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1809.07776 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Majorana qubit readout using longitudinal qubit-resonator interaction

Arne L. Grimsmo, Thomas B. Smith

Published Jun 19, 2019• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a quantum nondemolition Majorana qubit readout protocol based on parametric modulation of a longitudinal interaction between a pair of Majorana bound states and a resonator. The interaction can be modulated through microwave-frequency gate voltage or flux control of a tunable tunnel barrier. The qubit-resonator coupling is quantum nondemolition to exponential accuracy, a property inherited from the topological nature of the Majorana zero modes. The same mechanism as used for single-qubit readout can also be extended to perform multiqubit measurements and be used to enact long-range entangling gates.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.99.235420

Related papers

Fast Quantum Nondemolition Readout by Parametric Modulation of Longitudinal Qubit-Oscillator Interaction

Nicolas Didier, Jérôme Bourassa, Alexandre Blais

We show how to realize fast and high-fidelity quantum nondemolition qubit readout using longitudinal qubit-oscillator interaction. This is accomplished by modulating the longitudinal coupling at the cavity frequency. The qubit-oscillator interaction then acts as a qubit-state dependent drive on the cavity, a situation that is fundamentally different from the standard dispersive case. Single-mode squeezing can be exploited to exponentially increase the signal-to-noise ratio of this readout protocol. We present an implementation of this longitudinal parametric readout in circuit quantum electrodynamics and a possible multiqubit architecture.

arXiv:1504.04002•Physical Review Letters•Nov 9, 2015•188 citations

Microwave readout of Majorana qubits

Christoph Ohm, Fabian Hassler

Majorana qubits offer a promising way to store and manipulate quantum information by encoding it into the state of Majorana zero modes. As the information is stored in a topological property of the system, local noise cannot lead to decoherence. Manipulation of the information is achieved by braiding the zero modes. The measurement, however, is challenging as the information is well hidden and thus inherently hard to access. Here, we discuss a setup for measuring the state of a Majorana qubit by employing standard tools of microwave engineering. The basic physical effect that we employ is the fact that a voltage-biased Josephson junction hosting Majorana fermions allows photons to be emitted and absorbed at half the Josephson frequency. We show that in the dispersive regime, our setup allows us to perform a quantum nondemolition measurement and to reach the quantum limit. An appealing feature of our setup is that the interaction of the Majorana qubit with the measurement device can be turned on and off at will by changing the dc bias of the junction.

arXiv:1410.5445•Physical Review B•Feb 6, 2015•27 citations

Dispersive Readout of Majorana Qubits

Thomas B. Smith, Maja C. Cassidy, D. J. Reilly +2 more

We analyze a readout scheme for Majorana qubits based on dispersive coupling to a resonator.We consider two variants of Majorana qubits: the Majorana transmon and the Majorana box qubit.In both cases, the qubit-resonator interaction can produce sizeable dispersive shifts in the megahertz range for reasonable system parameters, allowing for submicrosecond readout with high fidelity.For Majorana transmons, the light-matter interaction used for readout manifestly conserves Majorana parity, which leads to a notion of quantum nondemolition (QND) readout that is stronger than for conventional charge qubits.In contrast, Majorana box qubits only recover an approximately QND readout mechanism in the dispersive limit where the resonator detuning is large.We also compare dispersive readout to longitudinal readout for the Majorana box qubit.We show that the latter gives faster and higher fidelity readout for reasonable parameters, while having the additional advantage of being manifestly QND, and so may prove to be a better readout mechanism for these systems.

arXiv:2009.00027•PRX Quantum•Nov 10, 2020•32 citations

Flux-controlled quantum computation with Majorana fermions

Timo Hyart, Bernard van Heck, Ion Cosma Fulga +3 more

Majorana fermions hold promise for quantum computation, because their non-Abelian braiding statistics allows for topologically protected operations on quantum information. Topological qubits can be constructed from pairs of well-separated Majoranas in networks of nanowires. The coupling to a superconducting charge qubit in a transmission line resonator (transmon) permits braiding of Majoranas by external variation of magnetic fluxes. We show that readout operations can also be fully flux controlled, without requiring microscopic control over tunnel couplings. We identify the minimal circuit that can perform the initialization-braiding-measurement steps required to demonstrate non-Abelian statistics. We introduce the Random Access Majorana Memory (RAMM), a scalable circuit that can perform a joint parity measurement on Majoranas belonging to a selection of topological qubits. Such multiqubit measurements allow for the efficient creation of highly entangled states and simplify quantum error correction protocols by avoiding the need for ancilla qubits.

arXiv:1303.4379•Physical Review B•Jul 17, 2013•344 citations

Detection and manipulation of Majorana fermions in circuit QED

Clemens Müller, Jérôme Bourassa, Alexandre Blais

Motivated by recent experimental progress towards the measurement and manipulation of Majorana fermions with superconducting circuits, we propose a device interfacing Majorana fermions with circuit quantum electrodynamics. The proposed circuit acts as a charge parity detector changing the resonance frequency of a superconducting $\ensuremath{\lambda}/4$ resonator conditioned on the parity of charges on nearby gates. Operating at both charge and flux sweet spots, this device is highly insensitive to environmental noise. It enables high-fidelity single-shot quantum nondemolition readout of the state of a pair of Majorana fermions encoding a topologically protected qubit. Additionally, the interaction permits the realization of an arbitrary phase gate on the topological qubit, closing the loop for computational completeness. Away from the charge sweet spot, this device can be used as a highly sensitive charge detector with a sensitivity better than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{e}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and bandwidth larger than 1 MHz.

arXiv:1306.1539•Physical Review B•Dec 2, 2013•37 citations

Quantum-limited measurement of spin qubits via curvature couplings to a cavity

Rusko Ruskov, Charles Tahan

Existing schemes for semiconductor spin qubit readout involve either spin-to-charge conversion or electric dipole coupling to a superconducting resonator. The former requires destructive readout while the latter suffers from enhanced qubit dephasing, limiting the potential performance of quantum measurement: an open challenge in semiconductor quantum computing. Here we propose a coupling to a superconducting resonator based on qubit energy curvature versus gate voltage, which enables quantum nondemolition (QND) readout while the qubit resides in its full sweet spot and with zero dipole coupling (offering resilience to charge noise). Readout strengths of tens to hundred megahertz (MHz) can be reached, at least ten times larger than in the previously proposed schemes. We show how this curvature interaction generates two strictly QND readout approaches: (i) via a ``dispersive-like'' (quantum capacitance) spin-dependent resonator energy shift, similar in implementation to circuit-QED dispersive readout, but avoiding the Purcell effect; and (ii) with the addition of qubit gate voltage modulation, a longitudinal readout which can be selectively switched on, for a chosen n-qubit subsystem. Neither scheme requires the qubit and resonator to be close in frequency.

arXiv:1704.05876•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jun 21, 2019•29 citations
We propose a quantum nondemolition Majorana qubit readout protocol based on parametric modulation of a longitudinal interaction between a pair of Majorana bound states and a resonator. The interaction can be modulated through microwave-frequency gate voltage or flux control of a tunable tunnel barrier. The qubit-resonator coupling is quantum nondemolition to exponential accuracy, a property inherited from the topological nature of the Majorana zero modes. The same mechanism as used for single-qubit readout can also be extended to perform multiqubit measurements and be used to enact long-range entangling gates.
We show how to realize fast and high-fidelity quantum nondemolition qubit readout using longitudinal qubit-oscillator interaction. This is accomplished by modulating the longitudinal coupling at the cavity frequency. The qubit-oscillator interaction then acts as a qubit-state dependent drive on the cavity, a situation that is fundamentally different from the standard dispersive case. Single-mode squeezing can be exploited to exponentially increase the signal-to-noise ratio of this readout protocol. We present an implementation of this longitudinal parametric readout in circuit quantum electrodynamics and a possible multiqubit architecture.
Majorana qubits offer a promising way to store and manipulate quantum information by encoding it into the state of Majorana zero modes. As the information is stored in a topological property of the system, local noise cannot lead to decoherence. Manipulation of the information is achieved by braiding the zero modes. The measurement, however, is challenging as the information is well hidden and thus inherently hard to access. Here, we discuss a setup for measuring the state of a Majorana qubit by employing standard tools of microwave engineering. The basic physical effect that we employ is the fact that a voltage-biased Josephson junction hosting Majorana fermions allows photons to be emitted and absorbed at half the Josephson frequency. We show that in the dispersive regime, our setup allows us to perform a quantum nondemolition measurement and to reach the quantum limit. An appealing feature of our setup is that the interaction of the Majorana qubit with the measurement device can be turned on and off at will by changing the dc bias of the junction.
We analyze a readout scheme for Majorana qubits based on dispersive coupling to a resonator.We consider two variants of Majorana qubits: the Majorana transmon and the Majorana box qubit.In both cases, the qubit-resonator interaction can produce sizeable dispersive shifts in the megahertz range for reasonable system parameters, allowing for submicrosecond readout with high fidelity.For Majorana transmons, the light-matter interaction used for readout manifestly conserves Majorana parity, which leads to a notion of quantum nondemolition (QND) readout that is stronger than for conventional charge qubits.In contrast, Majorana box qubits only recover an approximately QND readout mechanism in the dispersive limit where the resonator detuning is large.We also compare dispersive readout to longitudinal readout for the Majorana box qubit.We show that the latter gives faster and higher fidelity readout for reasonable parameters, while having the additional advantage of being manifestly QND, and so may prove to be a better readout mechanism for these systems.
Majorana fermions hold promise for quantum computation, because their non-Abelian braiding statistics allows for topologically protected operations on quantum information. Topological qubits can be constructed from pairs of well-separated Majoranas in networks of nanowires. The coupling to a superconducting charge qubit in a transmission line resonator (transmon) permits braiding of Majoranas by external variation of magnetic fluxes. We show that readout operations can also be fully flux controlled, without requiring microscopic control over tunnel couplings. We identify the minimal circuit that can perform the initialization-braiding-measurement steps required to demonstrate non-Abelian statistics. We introduce the Random Access Majorana Memory (RAMM), a scalable circuit that can perform a joint parity measurement on Majoranas belonging to a selection of topological qubits. Such multiqubit measurements allow for the efficient creation of highly entangled states and simplify quantum error correction protocols by avoiding the need for ancilla qubits.
Motivated by recent experimental progress towards the measurement and manipulation of Majorana fermions with superconducting circuits, we propose a device interfacing Majorana fermions with circuit quantum electrodynamics. The proposed circuit acts as a charge parity detector changing the resonance frequency of a superconducting $\ensuremath{\lambda}/4$ resonator conditioned on the parity of charges on nearby gates. Operating at both charge and flux sweet spots, this device is highly insensitive to environmental noise. It enables high-fidelity single-shot quantum nondemolition readout of the state of a pair of Majorana fermions encoding a topologically protected qubit. Additionally, the interaction permits the realization of an arbitrary phase gate on the topological qubit, closing the loop for computational completeness. Away from the charge sweet spot, this device can be used as a highly sensitive charge detector with a sensitivity better than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{e}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and bandwidth larger than 1 MHz.
Existing schemes for semiconductor spin qubit readout involve either spin-to-charge conversion or electric dipole coupling to a superconducting resonator. The former requires destructive readout while the latter suffers from enhanced qubit dephasing, limiting the potential performance of quantum measurement: an open challenge in semiconductor quantum computing. Here we propose a coupling to a superconducting resonator based on qubit energy curvature versus gate voltage, which enables quantum nondemolition (QND) readout while the qubit resides in its full sweet spot and with zero dipole coupling (offering resilience to charge noise). Readout strengths of tens to hundred megahertz (MHz) can be reached, at least ten times larger than in the previously proposed schemes. We show how this curvature interaction generates two strictly QND readout approaches: (i) via a ``dispersive-like'' (quantum capacitance) spin-dependent resonator energy shift, similar in implementation to circuit-QED dispersive readout, but avoiding the Purcell effect; and (ii) with the addition of qubit gate voltage modulation, a longitudinal readout which can be selectively switched on, for a chosen n-qubit subsystem. Neither scheme requires the qubit and resonator to be close in frequency.