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arXiv:1808.10200 · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

Quantification of electron correlation effects: Quantum Information Theory vs Method of Increments

Christian Stemmle, Beate Paulus

Published Jun 24, 2019• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Understanding electron correlation is crucial for developing new concepts in electronic structure theory, especially for strongly correlated electrons. We compare and apply two different approaches to quantify correlation contributions of orbitals: Quantum Information Theory (QIT) based on a Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) calculation and the Method of Increments (MoI). Although both approaches define very different correlation measures, we show that they exhibit very similar patterns when being applied to a polyacetelene model system. These results suggest one may deduce from one to the other, allowing the MoI to leverage from QIT results by screening correlation contributions with a cheap (“sloppy”) DMRG with a reduced number of block states. Or the other way around, one may select the active space in DMRG from cheap one‐body MoI calculations.

DOI
10.1002/qua.26007

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Abstract Understanding electron correlation is crucial for developing new concepts in electronic structure theory, especially for strongly correlated electrons. We compare and apply two different approaches to quantify correlation contributions of orbitals: Quantum Information Theory (QIT) based on a Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) calculation and the Method of Increments (MoI). Although both approaches define very different correlation measures, we show that they exhibit very similar patterns when being applied to a polyacetelene model system. These results suggest one may deduce from one to the other, allowing the MoI to leverage from QIT results by screening correlation contributions with a cheap (“sloppy”) DMRG with a reduced number of block states. Or the other way around, one may select the active space in DMRG from cheap one‐body MoI calculations.
To explore new approaches for wave function based correlation methods in chemistry, the electron correlation effects of different model systems are analyzed by means of Quantum Information Theory (QIT) and the Method of Increments (MoI). Data for the QIT is obtained based on calculations employing the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) and Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) methods. The investigation covers standard model systems for strong correlation, such as the dissociation of N2 and N2+, as well as polyacetylene, Be6 rings and the cobalt fluorides CoF2, CoF3 and CoF4. The latter represent challenging open-shell, transition metal containing compounds that may be systematically extended to linear chains. The observations stimulate a novel approach to select the configuration space in multi-reference calculations, promising reduced computational scaling for strongly correlated systems with large active spaces. Furthermore, a correspondence between entropies (QIT) and increments (MoI) is demonstrated, which suggests the related methods may be combined to exploit their different advantages. Finally, the correlation analysis of the cobalt fluorides yields valuable insights to extent the study to longer, linear chains.
We have studied transition metal clusters from a quantum information theory perspective using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We demonstrate the competition between entanglement and interaction localization and discuss the application of the configuration interaction-based dynamically extended active space procedure, which significantly reduces the effective system size and accelerates the speed of convergence for complicated molecular electronic structures. Our results indicate the importance of taking entanglement among molecular orbitals into account in order to devise an optimal DMRG orbital ordering and carry out efficient calculations on transition metal clusters. Apart from these algorithmic observations, which lead to a recipe for black-box DMRG calculations, our work provides physical understanding of electron correlation in molecular and cluster structures in terms of entropy measures of relevance also to recent work on tensor-network representations of electronic states. We also identify those molecular orbitals which are highly entangled and discuss the consequences for chemical bonding and for the structural transition from an dioxygen binding copper cluster to an bis-oxygen-bridged system with broken O--O bond.
The ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method has been well-established and has become one of the most accurate numerical methods for the precise electronic structure solution of large active spaces. In the past few years, to capture the missing dynamic correlation, various post-DMRG approaches have been proposed through the combination of DMRG and multireference quantum chemical methods or density functional theory. With this in mind, this work provides a brief overview of ab initio DMRG principles and the new developments within post-DMRG methods. For clarity, post-DMRG methods are classified into two main categories depending on whether high-order n -electron reduced density matrices are used, and their merits and disadvantages are properly discussed. Finally, we conclude by discussing unsolved bottlenecks and giving development perspectives of post-DMRG approaches, which are expected to yield quantitative descriptions of complex electronic structures in large strongly correlated molecules and materials.
The quantum chemical version of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method has established itself as one of the methods of choice for calculations of strongly correlated molecular systems. Despite its great ability to capture strong electronic correlation in large active spaces, it is not suitable for computations of dynamical electron correlation. In this work, we present a new approach to the electronic structure problem of strongly correlated molecules, in which DMRG is responsible for a proper description of the strong correlation, whereas dynamical correlation is computed via the recently developed adiabatic connection (AC) technique which requires only up to two-body active space reduced density matrices. We report the encouraging results of this approach on typical candidates for DMRG computations, namely, n -acenes ( n = 2 → 7), Fe(II)–porphyrin, and the Fe 3 S 4 cluster.
We present an efficient implementation of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm that includes an optimal ordering of the proton and neutron orbitals and an efficient expansion of the active space utilizing various concepts of quantum information theory. We first show how this new DMRG methodology could solve a previous 400 keV discrepancy in the ground state energy of 56Ni^{56}\mathrm{Ni}56Ni. We then report the first DMRG results in the pf+g9/2pf+g9/2pf+g9/2 shell model space for the ground 0+{0}^{+}0+ and first 2+{2}^{+}2+ states of 64Ge^{64}\mathrm{Ge}64Ge which are benchmarked with reference data obtained from a Monte Carlo shell model. The corresponding correlation structure among the proton and neutron orbitals is determined in terms of two-orbital mutual information. Based on such correlation graphs we propose several further algorithmic improvement possibilities that can be utilized in a new generation of tensor network based algorithms.