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arXiv:1808.04655 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Light-induced d -wave superconductivity through Floquet-engineered Fermi surfaces in cuprates

Dante Marvin Kennes, Martin Claassen, Michael A. Sentef, Christoph Karrasch

Published Aug 8, 2019• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We introduce a mechanism for light-induced Floquet engineering of the Fermi surface to dynamically tip the balance between competing instabilities in correlated condensed matter systems in the vicinity of a Van Hove singularity. We first calculate how the Fermi surface is deformed by an off-resonant, high-frequency light field and then determine the impact of this deformation on the ordering tendencies using an unbiased functional renormalization group approach. As a testbed, we investigate Floquet engineering in cuprates driven by light. We find that the $d$-wave superconducting ordering tendency in this system can be strongly enhanced over the Mott insulating one. This gives rise to extended regions of induced $d$-wave superconductivity in the effective phase diagram in the presence of a light field.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.100.075115

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We introduce a mechanism for light-induced Floquet engineering of the Fermi surface to dynamically tip the balance between competing instabilities in correlated condensed matter systems in the vicinity of a Van Hove singularity. We first calculate how the Fermi surface is deformed by an off-resonant, high-frequency light field and then determine the impact of this deformation on the ordering tendencies using an unbiased functional renormalization group approach. As a testbed, we investigate Floquet engineering in cuprates driven by light. We find that the ddd-wave superconducting ordering tendency in this system can be strongly enhanced over the Mott insulating one. This gives rise to extended regions of induced ddd-wave superconductivity in the effective phase diagram in the presence of a light field.
Intense time-periodic laser fields can transform the electronic structure of a solid into strongly modified Floquet-Bloch bands. While this suggests multiple pathways to induce electronic orders such as superconductivity or charge density waves, the possibility of preparing low-energy phases of Floquet Hamiltonians remains unclear because of the energy absorption at typical experimentally accessible driving frequencies. Here we investigate a realistic pathway towards laser control of electronic orders, which is the transient enhancement of fluctuating orders. Using a conserving Keldysh Green's function formalism, we simulate the buildup of short range Cooper-pair correlations out of a normal metal in the driven attractive Hubbard model. Even for frequencies only slightly above or within the bandwidth, a substantial enhancement of correlations can be achieved before the system reaches a high electronic temperature. This behavior relies on the nonthermal nature of the driven state. The effective temperature of the electrons at the Fermi surface, which more closely determines the superconducting correlations, remains lower than an estimate from the global energy density. Even though short ranged, the fluctuations can have marked signatures in the electronic spectra.
The non-equilibrium control of electronic properties has emerged as a transformative paradigm for engineering novel quantum phases. The most intriguing example of such a phase is light-induced superconductivity (SC) in non-superconducting materials. However, realizing unconventional SC at commensurate half-filling remains a formidable challenge even in non-equilibrium, as the regime is typically dominated by the robust stability of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulating (MI) state. Here, we provide a novel non-equilibrium route to realize unconventional d-wave SC in a half-filled system through Floquet engineering. We analyze the periodically driven Fermi-Hubbard model on a bipartite lattice and demonstrate that a high-frequency drive can transform a weakly interacting insulator into a regime of strong correlations by the drive-induced renormalization of nearest-neighbor hopping. Furthermore, the drive induces staggered higher range hoppings that can frustrate the AFM order while simultaneously generate staggered potential that lifts the kinetic constraints inherent to the half-filled system, fostering the charge dynamics required to stabilize d-wave pairing against the competing AFM state. The resulting SC phase is protected by high-frequency prethermalization, maintaining stability over timescales exponentially large in the drive frequency. This protocol circumvents the need for chemical doping, offering a 'disorder-free' alternative for realizing unconventional pairing with direct applications in optimizing the performance of superconducting quantum computers, qubit arrays and other upcoming quantum technologies.
We determine the properties and leading instabilities of a spin liquid with a Fermi surface passing near a van Hove singularity. Our study is motivated by recent photoemission experiments on high-Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​ cuprates in which it is found that for the optimally doped material the experimental Fermi surface passes near a van Hove singularity, while for underdoped materials, a pseudogap in the electron spectral function is formed in the vicinity of the van Hove point. We show theoretically that proximity to the van Hove singularity suppresses the inelastic scattering due to the gauge field and permits the formation of a d-wave RVB state in which the gap exists only near the van Hove points while finite regions of the Fermi surface remain gapless. This d-wave pairing provides a natural explanation of the pseudogap observed in photoemission. We also discuss the relation of the pseudogap observed in the spectral function to the pseudogaps observed in the magnetic susceptibility. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We study the interplay of magnetic order and superconductivity in the square-lattice Hubbard model under periodic driving with circularly polarized light. Formulating diagrammatic techniques based on the random-phase approximation in terms of Floquet Green's functions, allows us to analyze fluctuation-driven unconventional pairing for weak to moderate interactions. The interplay of repulsive interactions and photoassisted hopping of electrons gives rise to a rich magnetic phase diagram featuring an antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition prior to a Floquet Lifshitz transition. Close to the antiferromagnetic transition, topological d + i d -wave superconductivity prevails in the phase diagram for a wide range of drive parameters. At intermediate- to high-frequency driving near the Floquet Lifshitz transition, superconducting orders are tuned from spin-singlet d -wave to spin-triplet p -wave character, providing an effective protocol for Floquet engineering topological superconductivity.
Abstract Non-equilibrium engineering is becoming a seminal way for realising novel quantum phases that are unimaginable in equilibrium. In particular, Floquet theory applied to quantum mechanics revealed that we can even control the band topology in semimetallic/insulating systems, while the straightforward application to topological superconductivity fails for typical superconductors because the supercondicting gap function does not couple to the electromagnetic field in a direct manner. Here we show that we can overcome this difficulty by taking account of correlation effects. Namely, we study how a d-wave superconductivity is changed when illuminated by circularly-polarised light (CPL) in the repulsive Hubbard model in the strong-coupling regime. We adopt the Floquet formalism for the Gutzwiller-projected effective Hamiltonian with the time-periodic Schrieffer-Wolff transformation. We find that CPL induces a topological superconductivity with a d + id pairing, which arises from the chiral spin coupling and the three-site term generated by the CPL. The latter term remains significant even for low frequencies and low intensities of the CPL. This is clearly reflected in the obtained phase diagram against the laser intensity and temperature for various frequencies red-detuned from the Hubbard U, with the transient dynamics also examined. The phenomenon revealed here can open a novel, dynamical way to induce a topological superconductivity.
We devise a computational approach to the Hubbard model that captures the strong coupling dynamics arising when the Fermi level is at a Van Hove singularity in the density of states. We rely on an approximate degeneracy among the many-body states accounting for the main instabilities of the system (antiferromagnetism, d-wave superconductivity). The Fermi line turns out to be deformed in a manner consistent with the pinning of the Fermi level to the Van Hove singularity. For a doping rate $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.2,$ the ground state is characterized by d-wave symmetry, quasiparticles gapped only at the saddle points of the band, and a large peak at zero momentum in the d-wave pairing correlations.