Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1807.03729 · Physical Review A

Optimal mode configuration for multiple phase-matched four-wave-mixing processes

Erin M. Knutson, Jon D. Swaim, Sara K. Wyllie, Ryan T. Glasser

Published Jul 16, 2018• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate an unseeded multimode four-wave-mixing process in hot $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ vapor using two pump beams of the same frequency that cross at a small angle. This results in the simultaneous fulfillment of multiple phase-matching conditions that reinforce one another to produce four intensity-stabilized bright output modes at two different frequencies. Each generated photon is directly correlated to exactly two others, resulting in the preferred four-mode output, in contrast to other multimode four-wave-mixing experiments. This provides significant insight into the optimal configuration of the output multimode squeezed and entangled states generated in such four-wave-mixing systems. We examine the power, temperature, and frequency dependence of this output and compare it to the conical four-wave-mixing emission from a single pump beam. The generated beams are spatially separated, allowing a natural distribution for potential use in quantum communication and secret-sharing protocols.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.013828

Related papers

Self-Reinforced Optical Stability Formed by Unseeded Four-Wave Mixing with two Pump Beams in Atomic Vapor

Erin M. Knutson, Jon D. Swaim, Sara K. Wyllie +1 more

We demonstrate unseeded multimode four-wave mixing wherein each created photon is correlated to exactly two others, resulting in an “optimal” four-mode output. The generated beams are spatially separated, readily allowing for use in quantum communications. © 2019 The Author(s)

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•May 1, 2019•0 citations

Self-reinforced optical stability formed by unseeded four-wave mixing with two pump beams in atomic vapor

Erin M. Knutson, Jon D. Swaim, Sara K. Wyllie +1 more

We demonstrate unseeded multimode four-wave mixing wherein each created photon is correlated to exactly two others, resulting in an “optimal” four-mode output. The generated beams are spatially separated, readily allowing for use in quantum communications.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations

Multiple phase-matched resonant four-wave mixing processes in a single hot 133Cs vapor cell via a spatially structured two-beam pump

Dan Wang, Yao Zhang, Mengyu Bian +4 more

We demonstrate a seeded resonant multi-four-wave-mixing process in a single hot 133Cs vapor cell. These coexisting four-wave mixing interactions work on three different transition circles and give rise to the generation of four bright resonant output beams. We examine the pump detuning, pump power, and atom temperature dependence of the gain of output modes, and give a theoretical prediction on quadripartite entanglement. This provides significant insight into multimode entanglement of light very close to atomic resonance. Additionally, the orbital angular momentum of the pump beam is transferred as expected into the four generated beams. It’s proven to be a feasible method for designing a 2 × 2 vortex beam array.

Optics Continuum•Apr 23, 2025•3 citations

Experimental Generation of Multiple Quantum Correlated Beams from Hot Rubidium Vapor

Zhongzhong Qin, Leiming Cao, Hailong Wang +3 more

Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum modes are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. This development will also require an efficient quantum interface between multimode quantum light sources and atomic ensembles, which makes it necessary to implement multimode quantum light sources that match the atomic transitions. Here, we report on such a source that provides a method for generating quantum correlated beams that can be extended to a large number of modes by using multiple four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium vapor. Experimentally, we show that two cascaded FWM processes produce strong quantum correlations between three bright beams but not between any two of them. In addition, the intensity-difference squeezing is enhanced with the cascaded system to -7.0±0.1 dB from the -5.5±0.1/-4.5±0.1 dB squeezing obtained with only one FWM process. One of the main advantages of our system is that as the number of quantum modes increases, so does the total degree of quantum correlations. The proposed method is also immune to phase instabilities due to its phase insensitive nature, can easily be extended to multiple modes, and has potential applications in the production of multiple quantum correlated images.

arXiv:1407.3863•Physical Review Letters•Jul 10, 2014•193 citations

Single-step fabrication of scalable multimode quantum resources using four-wave mixing with a spatially structured pump

Hailong Wang, Claude Fabre, Jietai Jing

Multimode quantum resources or states, in which quantum correlations are shared and distributed among multiple parties, are important not only for fundamental tests of quantum effects but also for their numerous possible applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum imaging and quantum metrology. Here we demonstrate the single-step fabrication of a multimode quantum resource from four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot Rb vapor using a spatially structured pump, which consists of a coherent combination of two tilted pump beams. During this FWM process, one probe beam is amplified, three conjugate and two new probe beams are generated. The measured degrees of the intensity squeezing for the four-beam case and six-beam case are around $\ensuremath{-}4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB and $\ensuremath{-}4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB, respectively. The generated multiple quantum correlated beams are naturally separated with distinct directions, which is crucial for sending them out to quantum nodes at different locations in quantum communication. Our scheme is compact, simple, phase insensitive, and easily scalable to larger number of quantum-correlated modes.

Physical Review A•May 31, 2017•63 citations

Four-wave-mixing in hot atomic vapor for spatially multimode squeezed light generation

Quentin C. Glorieux, James Alexander Clark, Neil Corzo +5 more

Four-wave-mixing in hot atomic vapor is a versatile tool for spatially multimode squeezed light generation. We demonstrate multimode behavior for different pump-probe configurations producing either single beam squeezing or twin beams. To illustrate the usefulness of such fields, we perform an imaging experiment with two quantum correlated vacuum (squeezed) beams, where the spatially multimode character of squeezing is used to reconstruct an arbitrarily chosen pattern.

International Conference on Quantum Information•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations
We demonstrate an unseeded multimode four-wave-mixing process in hot 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb vapor using two pump beams of the same frequency that cross at a small angle. This results in the simultaneous fulfillment of multiple phase-matching conditions that reinforce one another to produce four intensity-stabilized bright output modes at two different frequencies. Each generated photon is directly correlated to exactly two others, resulting in the preferred four-mode output, in contrast to other multimode four-wave-mixing experiments. This provides significant insight into the optimal configuration of the output multimode squeezed and entangled states generated in such four-wave-mixing systems. We examine the power, temperature, and frequency dependence of this output and compare it to the conical four-wave-mixing emission from a single pump beam. The generated beams are spatially separated, allowing a natural distribution for potential use in quantum communication and secret-sharing protocols.
We demonstrate a seeded resonant multi-four-wave-mixing process in a single hot 133Cs vapor cell. These coexisting four-wave mixing interactions work on three different transition circles and give rise to the generation of four bright resonant output beams. We examine the pump detuning, pump power, and atom temperature dependence of the gain of output modes, and give a theoretical prediction on quadripartite entanglement. This provides significant insight into multimode entanglement of light very close to atomic resonance. Additionally, the orbital angular momentum of the pump beam is transferred as expected into the four generated beams. It’s proven to be a feasible method for designing a 2 × 2 vortex beam array.
Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum modes are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. This development will also require an efficient quantum interface between multimode quantum light sources and atomic ensembles, which makes it necessary to implement multimode quantum light sources that match the atomic transitions. Here, we report on such a source that provides a method for generating quantum correlated beams that can be extended to a large number of modes by using multiple four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium vapor. Experimentally, we show that two cascaded FWM processes produce strong quantum correlations between three bright beams but not between any two of them. In addition, the intensity-difference squeezing is enhanced with the cascaded system to -7.0±0.1 dB from the -5.5±0.1/-4.5±0.1 dB squeezing obtained with only one FWM process. One of the main advantages of our system is that as the number of quantum modes increases, so does the total degree of quantum correlations. The proposed method is also immune to phase instabilities due to its phase insensitive nature, can easily be extended to multiple modes, and has potential applications in the production of multiple quantum correlated images.
Multimode quantum resources or states, in which quantum correlations are shared and distributed among multiple parties, are important not only for fundamental tests of quantum effects but also for their numerous possible applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum imaging and quantum metrology. Here we demonstrate the single-step fabrication of a multimode quantum resource from four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot Rb vapor using a spatially structured pump, which consists of a coherent combination of two tilted pump beams. During this FWM process, one probe beam is amplified, three conjugate and two new probe beams are generated. The measured degrees of the intensity squeezing for the four-beam case and six-beam case are around $\ensuremath{-}4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB and $\ensuremath{-}4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB, respectively. The generated multiple quantum correlated beams are naturally separated with distinct directions, which is crucial for sending them out to quantum nodes at different locations in quantum communication. Our scheme is compact, simple, phase insensitive, and easily scalable to larger number of quantum-correlated modes.