Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1807.03466 · Physical Review X

Asymmetric Protocols for Scalable High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Networks

Wenyuan Wang, Feihu Xu, Hoi‐Kwong Lo

Published Oct 16, 2019• 75 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors.The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay nodes.In a real quantum network, the losses of various channels are different and users are added and deleted over time.To adapt to these features, we propose a type of protocol that allows users to independently choose their optimal intensity settings to compensate for different channel losses.Such a protocol enables a scalable high-rate MDI-QKD network that can easily be applied for channels of different losses and allows users to be dynamically added or deleted at any time without affecting the performance of existing users.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.9.041012

Related papers

Enabling a Scalable High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Network

Wenyuan Wang, Feihu Xu, Hoi‐Kwong Lo

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay nodes. In a real quantum network, the losses of various channels are different and users are added and deleted over time. To adapt to these features, we propose a protocol that allows users to independently choose their optimal intensity settings to compensate for different channel losses. Such a protocol enables a scalable high-rate MDI-QKD network that can easily be applied for channels of different losses and allows users to be dynamically added/deleted at any time without affecting the performance of existing users.

•Jul 10, 2018•4 citations

Experimental Demonstration of High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over Asymmetric Channels

Hui Liu, Wenyuan Wang, Kejin Wei +13 more

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side channels and it is practical with current technology. Previous implementations of MDI-QKD all used two symmetric channels with similar losses. However, the secret key rate is severely limited when different channels have different losses. Here we report the results of the first high-rate MDI-QKD experiment over asymmetric channels. By using the recent 7-intensity optimization approach, we demonstrate>10×higher key rate than the previous best-known protocols for MDI-QKD in the situation of large channel asymmetry, and extend the secure transmission distance by more than 20-50 km in standard telecom fiber. The results have moved MDI-QKD towards widespread applications in practical network settings, where the channel losses are asymmetric and user nodes could be dynamically added or deleted.

arXiv:1808.08584•Physical Review Letters•Apr 26, 2019•106 citations

High-secure quantum communication and networks

Guan‐Jie Fan‐Yuan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can serve large numbers of users with unconditional secure communication, in which measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD protocol can conveniently enhance realistic security by eliminating all detector side channels. In multi-user scenarios, MDI-QKD networks should meet the requirements of reliability and robustness. Around the issues, we complete a series of work on performance improvement, low-cost deployment, and robust networking. First is to answer how to change the trusted node to the untrusted node with low cost, here we propose and demonstrate an MDIQKD which is compatible with phase encoding BB84 networks, allowing for economical deployment of MDI-QKD networks and reconciliation between high key rate and high realistic security in the same network. Then we make the MDI networks more robust. We design an MDI-QKD networking scheme for multi-user access where more than two users can generate keys synchronously regardless of aligning reference frames and compensating channel disturbance on polarization. Third, we find a general method to distil secure keys from quantum discord, which is different to the previous entanglement-based frameworks of MDI-QKD, allowing imperfect preparation and measurement of quantum states. The series of work can help the practical application of MDI-QKD networks, and promote the development of quantum networks.

Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC)•Jun 30, 2024•0 citations

Asymmetric reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Kejin Wei, Zihao Chen, Zijian Li +2 more

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution is a promising candidate for building star-type quantum secure networks because it does not require reference alignment and removes all detector-side-channel attacks. However, prior works considered only a symmetric case in which the channels of both users have the same loss. In a realistic quantum secure network, the losses of various channels are likely to be different owing to their geographical locations. In this study, we present an asymmetric protocol for scalable reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution networks. By allowing independent adjustments of signal intensities of both users, our protocol provides a higher key rate than previous symmetric protocols in a realistic quantum secure network. The simulation results demonstrate that our protocol works well under realistic experimental conditions and obtains a key rate that is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of previous methods. Our study paves the way for high-rate quantum secure communication network development.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 7, 2022•5 citations

Boosting asymmetric measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution via numerical-analysis technology

Zi‐Jian Li, Bingbing Zheng, Heqian Zhang +2 more

Abstract Asymmetric measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) enables building a scalable, high-rate quantum network with an untrusted relay in real-world scenarios. In this study, we improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD using numerical analysis techniques. Simulation results show a twofold increase in tolerance to basis misalignment compared to the previous state-of-the-art method. Specifically, for instances of substantial basis misalignment, the key rate increases by an order of magnitude, and the maximum communication distance extends by 20 km. Our work significantly enhances the robustness and feasibility of asymmetric MDI-QKD, thereby promoting the widespread deployment of MDI-QKD networks.

Physica Scripta•Mar 19, 2024•1 citation

Asymmetric Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution through Advantage Distillation

Kailu Zhang, Jing-Yang Liu, Hua-Jian Ding +3 more

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) completely closes the security loopholes caused by the imperfection of devices at the detection terminal. Commonly, a symmetric MDI-QKD model is widely used in simulations and experiments. This scenario is far from a real quantum network, where the losses of channels connecting each user are quite different. To adapt such a feature, an asymmetric MDI-QKD model is proposed. How to improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD also becomes an important research direction. In this work, an advantage distillation (AD) method is applied to further improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD without changing the original system structure. Simulation results show that the AD method can improve the secret key rate and transmission distance, especially in the highly asymmetric cases. Therefore, this scheme will greatly promote the development of future MDI-QKD networks.

Entropy•Aug 7, 2023•10 citations
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors.The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay nodes.In a real quantum network, the losses of various channels are different and users are added and deleted over time.To adapt to these features, we propose a type of protocol that allows users to independently choose their optimal intensity settings to compensate for different channel losses.Such a protocol enables a scalable high-rate MDI-QKD network that can easily be applied for channels of different losses and allows users to be dynamically added or deleted at any time without affecting the performance of existing users.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay nodes. In a real quantum network, the losses of various channels are different and users are added and deleted over time. To adapt to these features, we propose a protocol that allows users to independently choose their optimal intensity settings to compensate for different channel losses. Such a protocol enables a scalable high-rate MDI-QKD network that can easily be applied for channels of different losses and allows users to be dynamically added/deleted at any time without affecting the performance of existing users.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side channels and it is practical with current technology. Previous implementations of MDI-QKD all used two symmetric channels with similar losses. However, the secret key rate is severely limited when different channels have different losses. Here we report the results of the first high-rate MDI-QKD experiment over asymmetric channels. By using the recent 7-intensity optimization approach, we demonstrate>10×higher key rate than the previous best-known protocols for MDI-QKD in the situation of large channel asymmetry, and extend the secure transmission distance by more than 20-50 km in standard telecom fiber. The results have moved MDI-QKD towards widespread applications in practical network settings, where the channel losses are asymmetric and user nodes could be dynamically added or deleted.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) can serve large numbers of users with unconditional secure communication, in which measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD protocol can conveniently enhance realistic security by eliminating all detector side channels. In multi-user scenarios, MDI-QKD networks should meet the requirements of reliability and robustness. Around the issues, we complete a series of work on performance improvement, low-cost deployment, and robust networking. First is to answer how to change the trusted node to the untrusted node with low cost, here we propose and demonstrate an MDIQKD which is compatible with phase encoding BB84 networks, allowing for economical deployment of MDI-QKD networks and reconciliation between high key rate and high realistic security in the same network. Then we make the MDI networks more robust. We design an MDI-QKD networking scheme for multi-user access where more than two users can generate keys synchronously regardless of aligning reference frames and compensating channel disturbance on polarization. Third, we find a general method to distil secure keys from quantum discord, which is different to the previous entanglement-based frameworks of MDI-QKD, allowing imperfect preparation and measurement of quantum states. The series of work can help the practical application of MDI-QKD networks, and promote the development of quantum networks.
Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution is a promising candidate for building star-type quantum secure networks because it does not require reference alignment and removes all detector-side-channel attacks. However, prior works considered only a symmetric case in which the channels of both users have the same loss. In a realistic quantum secure network, the losses of various channels are likely to be different owing to their geographical locations. In this study, we present an asymmetric protocol for scalable reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution networks. By allowing independent adjustments of signal intensities of both users, our protocol provides a higher key rate than previous symmetric protocols in a realistic quantum secure network. The simulation results demonstrate that our protocol works well under realistic experimental conditions and obtains a key rate that is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of previous methods. Our study paves the way for high-rate quantum secure communication network development.
Abstract Asymmetric measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) enables building a scalable, high-rate quantum network with an untrusted relay in real-world scenarios. In this study, we improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD using numerical analysis techniques. Simulation results show a twofold increase in tolerance to basis misalignment compared to the previous state-of-the-art method. Specifically, for instances of substantial basis misalignment, the key rate increases by an order of magnitude, and the maximum communication distance extends by 20 km. Our work significantly enhances the robustness and feasibility of asymmetric MDI-QKD, thereby promoting the widespread deployment of MDI-QKD networks.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) completely closes the security loopholes caused by the imperfection of devices at the detection terminal. Commonly, a symmetric MDI-QKD model is widely used in simulations and experiments. This scenario is far from a real quantum network, where the losses of channels connecting each user are quite different. To adapt such a feature, an asymmetric MDI-QKD model is proposed. How to improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD also becomes an important research direction. In this work, an advantage distillation (AD) method is applied to further improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD without changing the original system structure. Simulation results show that the AD method can improve the secret key rate and transmission distance, especially in the highly asymmetric cases. Therefore, this scheme will greatly promote the development of future MDI-QKD networks.